DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

In-situ estimation of effective rooting depth for upland crops using hand penetration of cone probe

원추형 탐침봉을 이용한 밭작물 유효근권심 현장 진단

  • Han, Kyung-Hwa (Soil and Fertilizer, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Zhang, Yong-Seon (Soil and Fertilizer, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Jung, Kang-Ho (Soil and Fertilizer, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Cho, Hee-Rae (Soil and Fertilizer, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA)
  • 한경화 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 토양비료과) ;
  • 장용선 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 토양비료과) ;
  • 정강호 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 토양비료과) ;
  • 조희래 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 토양비료과)
  • Received : 2015.03.17
  • Accepted : 2015.07.10
  • Published : 2015.09.30

Abstract

Plant root penetration through soil profile is restricted by compacted layer such as plow pan under conventional tillage. For detecting the compact layer, we made a graduated T-shape probe and measured compared between the depths with rapid change in feeling hardness of hand penetration using T-shape probe and with a rapid increase of penetrometer cone index. On upland crops, including red pepper, corn, soybean and cucumber, plow pan depth ranged from 10 cm to 25 cm depth. The effective rooting depth (ER) had significant correlation with the plow pan depth (PP) except soils with the shallow ground water and/or poorly drained soil. The regression equation was ER = 0.9*PP ($R^2=0.54^{**}$, N = 14) with the applicative PP range of 10-25 cm.

Keywords

References

  1. Atkinson D. 2000. Root charateristics: Why and What to Measure. Chapter 1. pp 1-32 In Root methods: a handbook Edited by Smit AL Springer.
  2. Chen G., Weil RR. 2011. Root growth and yield of maize as affected by soil compaction and cover crops. Soil and Tillage Research 117:17-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2011.08.001
  3. Choi SW, Wu YG, Kim KU. 2000. Prediction of tillage workability by cone index. KSAM 25(3):195-202.
  4. Da Silva AP, Kay BD, Perfect E. 1994. Characterization of the Least Limiting Water Range of Soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 58:1775-1781. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1994.03615995005800060028x
  5. Etana A, Hakansson I, Zagal E, Bucas S. 1999. Effects of tillage depth on organic carbon content and physical properties in five Swedish soils. Soil and Tillage Research 52:129-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-1987(99)00062-8
  6. Hakansson I. 1990. A method for characterizing the state of compactness of the plough layer. Soil and Tillage Research 16:105-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-1987(90)90024-8
  7. Hamza M, Anderson W. 2005. Soil compaction in cropping systems: a review of the nature, causes and possible solutions. Soil and Tillage Research 82:121-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2004.08.009
  8. Han KH, Cho HJ, Lee HS, Hur SO, Hur SK. 2009. Relationship between water stable aggregate and macroporosity in upland soils calculated by fragmentation fractal dimension. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 42:58-64.
  9. Han KH, Cho HR, Jeon SH, Zhang YS. 2011. A study of relation between Yamanaka hardness and penetrometer cone index. Korean J Soil Sci Fert 44:344-346. https://doi.org/10.7745/KJSSF.2011.44.3.344
  10. Japanese Soil Association. 1986. Agricultural environmental Indicator, Part 1. Soil environment, by Japanese Soil Association.
  11. Kim LY. 2007. Definition of soil tillage and crop root zone. In Technical support for crop cultivation, by Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, RDA, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
  12. Kumar A, Chen Y, Sadek MAA, Rahman S. 2012. Soil cone index in relation to soil texture, moisture content, and bulk density for no-tillage and conventional tillage. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal 14:26-37.
  13. NIAST. 2000. Method of soil and plant analysis. Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, RDA, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
  14. Raper R. 2005. Agricultural traffic impacts on soil. Journal of Terramechanics 42:259-280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jterra.2004.10.010
  15. Raper RL, Mac Kirby J. 2006. Soil compaction: How to do it, undo it, or avoid doing it. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers.
  16. R foundation. 2011. R version 2. 13. 0., The R foundation for statistical computing.
  17. Schoeneberger PJ, Wysocki DA, Benham EC, Broderson WD. 2002. Field book for describing and sampling soils, Version 2.0. Natural Resources Conservation Service, National Soil Survey Center, Lincoln, NE. USA.
  18. Tekeste MZ, Raper RL, Tollner E, Seymour L. 2006. Optimal spatial sampling schemes for mapping soil strength on a Southeastern US soils. ASABE Paper.