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Development Process for Decreasing Bitterness of Doraji (Platycodon grandiflorum)

도라지 쓴맛 개선을 위한 공정개발 연구

  • Received : 2015.06.29
  • Accepted : 2015.08.04
  • Published : 2015.10.31

Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the improvement effects of bitter taste of doraji (Platycodon grandiflorum) with different freezing temperature conditions ($-5^{\circ}C$, $-10^{\circ}C$, $-20^{\circ}C$, and $-70^{\circ}C$). After freezing for 4 h, frozen doraji was thawed and dehydrated. Doraji frozen at $-20^{\circ}C$ showed higher contents of crude fat, crude protein, crude ash, crude fiber, and nitrogen free extract. Moisture, crude saponin, and total polyphenol contents of doraji frozen at $-5^{\circ}C$ were higher than in other samples. Weight loss of doraji was significantly different as freezing temperature decreased and the process repeated. Doraji frozen at $-5^{\circ}C$ showed higher contents of saponin and phenol than the control. Hardness of doraji increased as freezing temperature decreased. According to the preference test, Doraji frozen at $-5^{\circ}C$ showed higher preference and less bitter taste intensity than other samples. These results mean that doraji frozen at $-5^{\circ}C$ with less bitter taste could be utilized widely as a food material.

본 연구는 다양한 생리활성을 지닌 도라지의 쓴맛을 완화시켜 식품소재로서의 활용도를 높이고자 동결온도와 탈수방법 및 횟수에 따른 품질 변화를 조사하였다. 수분을 제외한 일반성분 함량에서는 -20 및 $-70^{\circ}C$에서 동결 처리한 도라지가 -5 및 $-10^{\circ}C$에서 동결 처리한 것에 비해 그 함량이 대체적으로 많았다. 조단백질 함량은 1, 2 및 3 차 동결과 탈수 처리 모두 $-20^{\circ}C$에서 동결한 도라지에서 가장 높았고, 같은 동결온도에서는 3차 동결 처리했을 때 단백질 함량이 가장 높았다. 조지방 함량도 -20 및 $-70^{\circ}C$의 처리구가 -5 및 $-10^{\circ}C$ 결과치보다 높았다. 대체적으로 $-5^{\circ}C$ 동결 처리한 도라지가 가장 낮은 수준의 조단백, 조지방, 조섬유 및 조회분의 함량을 가진 것으로 나타났다. 동결온도와 가공횟수에 따른 무게 변화는 온도가 낮을수록 컸으며 가공을 반복할수록 더 크게 나타났다. 색도에서 L 값은 $-20^{\circ}C$ 동결을 제외하고 2회 가공한 도라지에서 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났고, b 값은 $-5^{\circ}C$$-10^{\circ}C$에서 각각 1회 가공한 도라지를 제외한 나머지 처리구가 대조구와 유사한 값을 나타내었다. 도라지의 조직감 중 견고성은 처리구가 대조구보다 감소하였으나, $-20^{\circ}C$에서 3회 가공한 도라지와 $-70^{\circ}C$에서 2회 및 3회 가공한 도라지는 대조구보다 견고성이 증가하였다. 탄력성은 $^-70{\circ}C$에서 3회 가공한 도라지를 제외하고는 대조구보다 낮은 값을 나타내었으며, 씹힘성은 대조구와 처리구간에 유의적 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 사포닌 함량은 각 온도별 가공횟수가 증가할수록, 동결온도가 낮아질수록 감소하였다. 페놀 함량은 $-5^{\circ}C$에서 1~3회 가공처리 한 도라지의 경우 대조구보다 높은 함량을 나타내었으며, 가공횟수가 증가할수록 그 함량은 증가하였다. 동결온도가 낮을수록 페놀 함량은 감소하였다. 주사전자현미경으로 도라지의 단면을 관찰해본 결과 동결과 가공 공정이 진행됨에 따라 세포벽이 주름진 것처럼 보이고 더 큰 구멍이 보임을 확인하였다. 기호도 검사를 통하여 $-5^{\circ}C$에서 동결한 도라지가 다른 처리구에 비해 높은 기호도를 보였으며, $-5^{\circ}C$에서 동결과 탈수과정을 2회 거친 실험처리군이 쓴맛의 개선 효과도 가장 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 $-5^{\circ}C$에서 동결과 탈수를 2회 반복한 도라지가 대조구와 가장 유사하며 사포닌과 페놀의 함량이 증가하였고 쓴맛이 완화되어 식품소재로서의 활용이 증가될 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

Keywords

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