Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology (한국식품과학회지)

Korean Society of Food Science and Technology (한국식품과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Mixture of Extracts of Cynanchum wilfordii and Phlomis umbrosa Turcz. Does Not Have an Estrogenic Effect in Ovariectomized Rats

백수오와 한속단 추출물의 비에스트로젠 효과에 관한 연구

  • 한송희 (호서대학교 안전성평가센터) ;
  • 이태희 (호서대학교 안전성평가센터) ;
  • 장자영 (호서대학교 안전성평가센터) ;
  • 송현경 (호서대학교 바이오응용독성학과) ;
  • 홍상근 ((주)파낙산) ;
  • 김유리 (바이오생명공학연구소) ;
  • 한범석 (호서대학교 바이오응용독성학과)
  • Received : 2015.07.21
  • Accepted : 2015.10.05
  • Published : 2015.10.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Cynanchum wilfordii and Phlomis umbrosa Turcz. are known to contain isoflavone, a representative phytoestrogen. This study was performed to determine whether the extract mixture of C. wilfordii and P. umbrosa Turcz. would induce an estrogenic effect in ovariectomized rats. The extracts were administered to the ovariectomized rats at 30, 60, 120 mg/kg per day for 4 weeks, respectively. They showed no estrogenic effect, which was indicated by the decrease in uterus wall thickness as well as the increase in body weight and the level of cholesterol and triglyceride. The extracts also had no effect on the concentrations of estrogen and growth hormone in the serum. However, the increase in alkaline phosphatase activity, which leads to protection against the bone loss caused by ovariectomy, was noted on administration of the extract. Therefore, it seemed that the extracts of C. wilfordii and P. umbrosa Turcz. had no estrogenic effect in rats.

저성장 어린이들을 대상으로 하는 성장호르몬 치료는 다양한 부작용과 투여과정의 스트레스로 인한 환자 순응도 감소, 고가의 치료 비용 등의 단점을 가지고 있다. 이러한 이유로 부작용 발생의 위험성이 작고 낮은 비용으로 어린이의 성장에 도움을 줄 수 있는 천연물 유래 기능성 소재 개발에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 그러나 성적으로 미성숙 상태인 어린이를 대상으로 한다는 점, 에스트로겐에 의한 뼈 성장과 성조숙증 발병기전 연관성, 천연물에 존재하는 다양한 식물성 에스트로겐의 영향으로 안전성에 대한 우려가 존재하는 것이 사실이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 앞선 연구를 통하여 뼈 성장 촉진 효과가 확인된 시험물질의 안전성을 확인하기 위하여 난소를 절제한 실험동물에 시험물질을 4주간 투여한 후 시험물질이 식물성 에스트로겐으로 작용하여 성조숙증과 성장호르몬 이상을 일으킬 가능성을 확인하고자 하였다. 실험 결과 난소 절제로 인한 체중증가, 혈중 지질 농도의 증가, 자궁 벽 두께의 감소 등이 나타남을 확인하였으며 시험물질의 4주 투여가 이러한 변화에 영향을 끼치지 않음을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 혈중 에스트로겐 농도, 혈중 성장호르몬 농도를 분석한 결과 시험물질 투여가 아무런 영향을 주지 않음을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 백수오와 한속단 동량 혼합물이 생체 내에서 식물성 에스트로겐으로 작용하지 않는다는 것을 의미하며 반복투여에 의한 성장호르몬 이상을 일으키지 않는 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Kurokawa N, Nakai K, Suzuki K, Sakurai K, Shimada M, Kameo S, Nakatsuka H, Satoh H. Trends in growth status among school children in Sendai, Japan, 1994-2003: Leveling-off of mean body height and weight. J. Exp. Med. 216: 371-375 (2008)
  2. Steckel RH. Biological measures of the standard of living. J. Econ. Perspect. 22: 129-152 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.22.1.129
  3. Hong CH, Cho HR, and Park KS. The secular trend of menarcheal age in Korea. Korean J. Pediatr. 36: 239-243 (1993)
  4. Holmes CS, Karlsson JA, Thompson RG. Social and school competencies in children with short stature: Longitudinal patterns. J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr. 6: 263-267 (1985)
  5. Wiklund I, Albertsson-Wikland K, Wiren L. How should the psychosocial impact of short stature and response to growth hormone treatment be assessed in children? Acta. Paediatr. 377: 174-175 (1991)
  6. Kim MJ, Rho YI, Yang ES, Moon KR, Park SK, Park YB, Kim EY. The relationship between the perception of height and selfesteem in children. Korean J. Pediatr. 47: 258-263 (2004)
  7. Lee KH. Growth hormone therapy in Short Stature Children. J. Korean Med. Assoc. 51: 849-855 (2008) https://doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2008.51.9.849
  8. Lee DW, Kim CH, Lee DU. Effect of culture conditions on the biosynthesis of gagaminine, a Potent antioxidant from the roots of cynanchum wilfordii. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 24: 1451-1453 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.24.1451
  9. Yoon DW, Cho SM, Kim SJ, Kim JH, Kim DS, Lee SH, Yun CH, Shin C. Effects of cynanchum wilfordii hemsley extract on the sleep-wake architectures in rats. Sleep Med. Res. 2: 16-20 (2011). https://doi.org/10.17241/smr.2011.2.1.16
  10. Zenk MH, el-Shagi H, Schulte U. Anthraquinone production by cell suspension cultures of Morinda citrifolia. Planta. Med. Suppl: 79-101 (1975)
  11. Kim SN, Li YC, Xu HD, Yi DG, Kim MS, Lee SP, Yi KT, Lee JK, Kim JS, Kwon MS, Chang PS, Kwak BY. Phytoestrogenic effects of combined plant extracts on the change of bone metabolism of OVX rats. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 40: 316-320 (2008)
  12. Shang X, Wang J, Li M, Miao X, Pan H, Yang Y, Wang, Y. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of Phlomis umbrosa Turcz extract. Fitoterapia 82: 716-721 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2011.03.001
  13. Liu P, Yao Z, Zhang W, Takaishi Y, Duan HQ. Novel nortriterpenes from Phlomis umbrosa. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 56: 951-955 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.56.951
  14. Shin TY, Kim SH, Kim DK, Lee KH, Park JS. Phlomis umbrosa root inhibits mast celldependent allergic reactions and inflammatory cytokine secretion. Phytother. Res. 22: 153-158 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2164
  15. Shin TY, Lee JK. Effect of Phlomis umbrosa root on mast celldependent immediate-type allergic reactions by anal therapy. Immunopharm. Immunot. 25: 73-85 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1081/IPH-120018285
  16. Wong RWK, Rabie ABM, Hagg EUO. The effect of crude extract from Radix dipsaci on bone in mice. Phytother. Res. 21: 596-598 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2126
  17. Lee YJ, Choi HI, Kim YC, You HK, Shin HS. Effects of dichloromethane fraction of Phlomidis radix on bone formation in human fetal osteoblasts J. Periodontol. Implant Sci. 33: 259-269 (2005)
  18. Kang YK, Hong SK. Effects of Cynanchum wilfordii and Phlomis umbrosa extracts on bone growth and serum insulin like growth factor-I. Korean J. Microbiol. Biot. 42: 139-144 (2014) https://doi.org/10.4014/kjmb.1401.01001
  19. Chang A, Kwak BY, Yi KT, Kim JS. The effect of herbal extract (EstroG100) on pre, peri and postmenopausal women: A randomized doubleblind, placebocontrolled study. Phytother. Res. 26: 510-516 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.3597
  20. Lee NJ, Kim GS, Kwak BY, Yi KT, Lee JK, Jeong YR, Lin CM, Kim JS, Kang JK. Anti-menopausal effect of the newly-developed phytoestrogen, FGF271, in vitro and in vivo. Lab. Anim. Res. 24: 167-172 (2008)
  21. You T, Ryan AS, Nicklas BJ. The metabolic syndrome in obese postmenopausal women: Relationship to body composition, visceral fat, and inflammation. J. Clin. Endocr. Metab. 89: 5517-5522 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2004-0480
  22. Kaaja RJ. Metabolic syndrome and the menopause. R. Soc. Med. J. 14: 21-25 (2008)
  23. Wellman GC, Bonev AD, Nelson MT, Brayden JE. Gender differences in coronary artery diameter involve estrogen, nitric oxide, and $Ca^{2+}$-dependent $K^+$ channels. Circ. Res. 79: 1024-1030 (1996) https://doi.org/10.1161/01.RES.79.5.1024
  24. Lee YS, Asai M, Choi SS, Yonezawa T, Teruya T, Nagai K, Woo JT, Cha BY. Nobiletin prevents body weight gain and bone loss in ovariectomized C57BL/6J mice. Pharmacol. Phar. 5: 959-965 (2014). https://doi.org/10.4236/pp.2014.510108
  25. Kuller LH. Women's Health Initiative. Hormone replacement therapy and risk of cardiovascular disease: Implications of the results of the women's health initiative. Arterioscl. Throm. Vas. 23: 11-16 (2003) https://doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.0000046033.32478.6D
  26. Giles ED, Jackman MR, Johnson GC, Schedin PJ, Houser JL, MacLean PS. Effect of the estrous cycle and surgical ovariectomy on energy balance, fuel utilization, and physical activity in lean and obese female rats. Am. J. Physiol.-Reg. I. 299: R1634-R1642 (2010)
  27. Liu ML, Xu X, Rang WQ, Li YJ, Song HP. Influence of ovariectomy and 17${\beta}$-estradiol treatment on insulin sensitivity, lipid metabolism and post-ischemic cardiac function. Int. J. Cardiol. 97: 485-493 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2003.11.046
  28. Bhathena SJ, Velasquez MT. Beneficial role of dietary phytoestrogens in obesity and diabetes. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 76: 1191-1201 (2002)
  29. Chen H, Wu M, Kubo KY. Combined treatment with a traditional Chinese medicine, Hachimi-jio-gan (Ba-Wei-Di-Huang-Wan) and alendronate improves bone microstructure in ovariectomized rats. J. Ethnopharmacol. 142: 80-85 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2012.04.017
  30. Yeh JK, Aloia JF, Barilla ML. Effects of 17${\beta}$-estradiol replacement and treadmill exercise on vertebral and femoral bones of the ovariectomized rat. Bone Miner. 24: 223-234 (1994) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80139-0
  31. McGuigan JE. Peptic Ulcer in Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 13th ed. McGraw-Hill. London, UK. p. 1363 (1994)
  32. Delmas PD. Biological markers of bone metabolism. Presse Med. 22: 263-268 (1993)
  33. Ojeda SR. Textbook of Endocrinology. 3rd ed. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. pp. 164-200 (1995)
  34. Kim SR. The Effects of ovarian steroid hormones on the alkaline phosphate activity in the luminal epithelial and stromal cells of early pregnancy rat uterus. J. Korean Res. Inst. Better Living 37: 183-193 (1986)

Cited by

  1. Evaluation of Estrogenic Activity of Extract from the Herbal MixtureCynanchum wilfordiiHemsley, Phlomis umbrosa Turczaninow, andAngelica gigasNakai vol.33, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.5487/TR.2017.33.1.071