Fire Science and Engineering (한국화재소방학회논문지)

Korean Institute of Fire Science and Engineering (한국화재소방학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

An Experimental Study on the Applicability of Plate Thermometer in Steady and Unsteady-State Fire Conditions

정상 및 비정상상태의 화재조건에서 판형 열유속계의 적용성에 관한 실험적 연구

  • Yun, Hong-Seok (Dept. of Fire and Disaster Prevention, Daejeon University) ;
  • Mun, Sun-Yeo (Dept. of Fire and Disaster Prevention, Daejeon University) ;
  • Hwang, Cheol-Hong (Dept. of Fire and Disaster Prevention, Daejeon University)
  • Received : 2015.08.11
  • Accepted : 2015.08.25
  • Published : 2015.10.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The applicability of plate thermometer (PT), which feature simple installation and low cost, was experimentally examined in steady and unsteady-state fire conditions. An infrared radiation heater and a square burner with C3H8 as fuel were used as heat sources. The relative measurement accuracy of the PT was evaluated by comparing measurements made using a Gardon-type heat flux meter. From a practical point of view and in terms of measurement accuracy, the optimal size and thickness of the PT in steady and unsteady-state fire conditions were 100 mm and 0.6 mm, respectively. These results can be explained by the conductive heat losses and thermal inertia of the PT for different sizes and thicknesses. It can be also concluded that measurements of heat flux using the PT in conditions of faster fire growth rate than slow require considerable attention.

정상 및 비정상상태의 화재조건에서 설치가 용이하고 저가형인 판형 열유속계(PT)의 적용성에 대한 실험적 연구가 수행되었다. 열원으로서 적외선 복사 히터와 C3H8이 적용된 정사각형 버너가 사용되었다. PT의 상대적 측정 정확도는 Gardon-type 열유속 미터를 이용한 측정결과와의 비교를 통해 평가되었다. 정상 및 비정상상태의 화재조건에서 PT의 최적 크기 및 두께는 측정 정확도와 실용적 관점에서 각각 100 mm와 0.6 mm로 확인되었다. 이 결과들은 PT의 크기 및 두께의 변화에 따른 전도 열손실과 열관성에 의해 설명되었다. 또한 Slow보다 빠른 화재 성장속도의 조건에서 PT를 이용한 열유속 측정에는 상당한 주의가 요구됨을 확인하였다.

Keywords

References

  1. ASTM, "ASTM E459-05: Standard Test Method for Measuring Heat Transfer Rate Using a Thin- Skin Calorimeter", ASTM International, U.S.A. (2005).
  2. K. E. Starner. "Use of Thin-Skinned Calorimeters for High Heat Flux Arc Jet Measurements", Air Force Report No. SAMSO-TR-67-13/Aerospace Report No. TR-0158 (3240-10)-4 (1967).
  3. U. Wickstrom, "Proposal Regarding Temperature Measurements in Fire Test Furnaces", SP-Report 1986, Swedish National Testing Institute (1986).
  4. U. Wickstrom, "The Plate Thermometer - A Simple Instrument for Reaching Harmonized Fire Resistance Tests", Fire Technology Second Quarter, pp. 195-208 (1994).
  5. U. Wickstrom, "Short Communication: Heat Transfer by Radiation and Convection in Fire Testing", Fire and Materials, Vol. 28, pp. 411-415 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1002/fam.839
  6. EN 1363-1, "Fire Resistance Tests, Part 1: General Requirements", British Standards Institute, London, UK (1991).
  7. ISO 834-1, "Fire-Resistance Tests - Elements of Building Construction - Part 1: General Requirements", ISO Standard, International Organisation for Standardization, Geneva (1999).
  8. H. Ingason and U. Wickstrom, "Measuring Incident Radiant Heat Flux Using the Plate Thermometer", Fire Safety Journal, Vol. 42, pp. 161-166 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2006.08.008
  9. W. H. Park and K. B. Yoon, "Measurement of Radiative Heat Flux Using Plate Thermometer", Transactions of KSME B, Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 95-98 (2013).
  10. S. Y. Mun, "Experimental and Numerical Studies on Effects of Openings Configuration on the Fire Characteristics in a Compartment", Master Thesis, in Dept. of Fire and Disaster Prevention, Daejeon University (2014).
  11. B. Ditch, "Evaluating Pool Fire Severity and the Cooling Effect of Local Water Spray Using a Continuous Plate Thermometer", Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium, pp. 133-143 (2011).
  12. W. J. You, D. G. Nam, M. C. Yeom, S. C. Kim and H. S. Ryou, "Analysis of Heat Release Rate with Various Diameter of Heptane Pool Fire Using Large Scale Cone Calorimeter", Fire Science and Engineering, Vol. 28, No. 5, pp. 1-7 (2014). https://doi.org/10.7731/KIFSE.2014.28.5.001
  13. A. T. Modak, "Thermal Radiation from Pool Fires", Combustion and Flame, Vol. 29, pp. 177-192 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(77)90106-7
  14. A. Haggkvist, "The Plate Thermometer as a Mean of Calculating Incident Heat Radiation: A Practical and Theoretical Study", Master Thesis, in Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Lulea University of Technology (2009).
  15. S. E. Dillon, "Analysis of the ISO 9705 Room/Corner Test: Simulations, Correlations and Heat Flux Measurements", NIST-GCR-98-756 (1998).