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An analysis of changes in the influence of GDP gap on inflation

GDP갭의 물가영향력 변화 분석

  • Chang, Youngjae (Department of Information Statistics, Korea National Open University)
  • 장영재 (한국방송통신대학교 정보통계학과)
  • Received : 2015.09.11
  • Accepted : 2015.10.14
  • Published : 2015.11.30

Abstract

GDP gap is closely related with economic activity of a country as a whole, especially with the economic fluctuations which is called business cycle. GDP gap is regarded as an important variable for the monetary policy of the central bank because it provides information on the excess demand pressures and employment matters. However, GDP gap may not provide enough information of the effect of recent economic structural change or the environmental change of domestic and external economic condition. In this paper, the GDP is decomposed by statistical filtering techniques and various models are fitted to estimate the influence of GDP gap on Inflation and see if it has been changed. Analysis results show that the influence of GDP gap on inflation decreased in the 2000s while that of global GDP gap increased. These results also support that recent low inflation rate is due to the change of overseas economic condition, such as a slowdown in exports resulting from the global recession, as well as domestic factors.

한 나라 전체의 경제활동 수준을 나타내는 경기의 변동과 밀접한 관계를 지닌 지표로서 GDP갭을 꼽을 수 있다. GDP갭은 초과수요압력이나 고용사정에 대한 정보를 제공하기 때문에 중앙은행의 통화정책 수행시 중요한 고려변수로 꼽히고 있다. 그러나, GDP갭 총량만으로는 최근의 경제구조 변화라든지 대내외 경제여건의 영향 등을 살펴볼 수 없는 등 제한적인 부분이 있다. 본 논문에서는 통계적 필터링 기법에 의해 새로운 갭을 추정하고 다양한 물가영향 모형을 설정하여 각 요인들이 인플레이션에 미치는 영향력을 추정하는 한편 동 요인들의 영향력이 시간에 따라 변화하는지도 분석하였다. 분석결과, GDP갭의 물가영향력이 2000년대 들어 대체로 그 영향력이 축소되는 것으로 추정된 반면, 글로벌갭이 국내 물가에 미치는 영향력은 증대된 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 변화는 최근의 저물가 현상이 국내요인과 더불어 세계 경기침체에서 비롯된 수출의 둔화와 같은 국외여건에 영향을 받았다는 것을 의미한다.

Keywords

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