Journal of Conservation Science (보존과학회지)

The Korean Society Of Conservation Science For Cultural Heritage (한국문화재보존과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Study of UV Degradation of Lacquer and Natural Adhesives Using Lacquer Mixed with Animal Glue

옻과 옻에 아교를 배합한 천연접착제의 자외선에 의한 노화 특성 연구

  • Ahn, Sunah (Restoration Technology Division, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Kim, Eun Kyung (Restoration Technology Division, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Jang, Sungyoon (Restoration Technology Division, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage)
  • 안선아 (국립문화재연구소 복원기술연구실) ;
  • 김은경 (국립문화재연구소 복원기술연구실) ;
  • 장성윤 (국립문화재연구소 복원기술연구실)
  • Received : 2016.10.10
  • Accepted : 2016.12.15
  • Published : 2016.12.20
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In this study, we investigated the degradation of adhesives when exposed to ultraviolet light irradiation using samples of lacquer (L), treated lacquer (TL), lacquer mixed with glue (LG), and urushiol mixed with glue (UG). Four types of film specimens were collected under the ultraviolet exposure time, and gloss test, tensile shear strength test, scanning electron microscope analysis, and infrared spectroscopic analysis were conducted for the specimens. LG and UG showed lowering rate of gloss is somewhat later than L. Also, it was observed that with increasing exposure time to ultraviolet irradiation, the surface of L began to show spherical pits and cracks when the polysaccharide layers started to be exposed, whereas the surfaces of LG and UG remained smooth. The Infrared spectra of L and TL showed that the intensity of the overall peak decreased with increasing ultraviolet irradiation time. There was no change in the peak intensity of LG, but for UG, the peaks at $3013cm^{-1}$, $1593cm^{-1}$ and so on disappeared and the overall intensity declined. The tensile shear strength of LG and UG was maintained or increased as compared to the initial test, whereas the tensile shear strength of L decreased sharply after 600 h. LG and UG exhibited fewer changes as a result of high temperature and humidity conditions, and they retained their strength under UV exposure. These results indicate that LG and UG are more durable than L when subjected to environmental change.

생칠(L), 정제칠(TL), 생칠과 아교를 배합한 천연접착제(LG), 우루시올과 아교를 배합한 천연접착제(UG)의 자외선에 의한 노화 특성을 비교 분석하기 위해 도막 시편에 자외선을 조사하고 광택도, 주사전자현미경분석, 적외선분광분석, 인장전단 접착강도 측정을 수행하였다. 천연접착제 LG, UG의 광택 저하 속도는 생칠보다 다소 느렸고 손실률도 생칠보다 낮았다. 또한 생칠 도막의 표면은 자외선 노출 시간에 따라 다당류 층이 드러나 구형이 손상되면서 크랙이 발생한 것으로 관찰되었고 천연접착제 LG와 UG는 매끄러운 표면이 계속 유지됨을 관찰하였다. FT-IR 분석 결과 생칠과 정제칠 도막에서 자외선 조사 시간이 증가할수록 전체적으로 피크 세기가 감소하였고 천연접착제 LG는 변화가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 천연접착제 UG에서는 일부 피크가 사라졌고 전체적으로 세기가 감소했다. 생칠의 인장전단 접착강도는 자외선 노출 600시간 이후로 강도 값이 크게 떨어지는 것에 비해 천연접착제 LG와 UG의 접착강도는 다소 감소하거나 유지되었다. 선행연구 결과와 비교하면 옻과 아교를 이용한 천연접착제는 생칠에 비해 고온 고습에서도 큰 변화를 나타내지 않았고 자외선 조건에서도 물성을 유지하므로 생칠에 비해 내구적인 것으로 나타났다.

Keywords

References

  1. Ahn, S.A., Kim, E.K. and Jang, S.Y., 2015, A study on the environmental ageing effects of the natural adhesive using oriental lacquer and animal glue. The 42nd International Conference of the Korean Society of Conservation Science for Cultural Heritage, Buyeo, October 30-31. (in Korean with English abstract)
  2. Cho, N.C., Kim, S.C., Kim, W.H. and Shin, Y.S., 2010, A study on the bonding materials used for the great jar of the proto-three kingdoms period from Daechuri site Pyeongtaek. Journal of Conservation Science, 26(4), 371-376. (in Korean with English abstract)
  3. Honda, T., Lu, R., Kitano, N., Kamiya, Y. and Miyacoshi, T., 2010, Applied analysis and identification of ancient lacquer based on pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 118(2), 897-901. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.32423
  4. Jung, Y.H., 2006, Chiljang. Minsokwon, Seoul, 176. (in Korean)
  5. Kamiya, Y., Lu, R., Kumamoto, T., Honda, T. and Miyakoshi, T., 2006, Deterioration of surface structure of lacquer films due to ultraviolet irradiation. Surface and Interface Analysis, 38, 1311-1315. https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.2451
  6. Kamiya, Y., Takeda, S., Watanabe, C. and Miyakoshi, T., 2011, Characterization of volatile products from raw lacquer film during ultraviolet irradiation using on-line micro ultraviolet pyrolysis-GC/MS. The Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry, 60, 269-274. (in Japanese with English abstract)
  7. Kamiya, Y. and Nishimura, S., 2013, Basic study on issue of change of color of the black lacquer film-Surface change due to the ultraviolet irradiation of the reacted black lacquer with iron. Bulletin of TIRI, 8, 88-91. (in Japanese with English abstract)
  8. Kim, E.K., Jeong, S.R. and Yu, J.E., 2011, Analysis of mixing ratio of lacquer and glue for lacquer drying in low relative humidity environment. Conservation Studies, 32, 36-52. (in Korean with English abstract)
  9. Kim, E.K., Park, D.W. and Jang, S.Y., 2013, A study on preparation and characteristics of natural adhesives with lacquer and animal glue for ceramic conservation. Journal of Adhesives and Interface, 14, 128-134. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.17702/jai.2013.14.3.128
  10. Kim, E.K., Ahn, S.A. and Jang, S.Y., 2015, A study on transparency and characteristics of natural adhesives made of urushiol and glue. Journal of Conservation Science, 31(2), 115-123. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.12654/JCS.2015.31.2.04
  11. Kim, S.C., 2007, Analysis and conservation of lacquer wares from archaeological sites in Korea. Ph. D. dissertation, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju. (in Korean with English abstract)
  12. Kumanotani, J., 1998, Enzyme catalyzed durable and authentic oriental lacquer: a natural microgel-printable coating by polysaccharide-glycoprotein-phenolic lipid complexes. Progress in Organic Coatings, 34, 135-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0300-9440(97)00115-X
  13. Le Ho, A.S., Duhamel, C., Daher, C., Bellot-Gurlet, L., Paris, C., Regert, M., Sablier, M., Andre, G., Desroches, J.P. and Dumas, P., 2013, Alteration of asian lacquer: In-depth insight using a physico-chemical multiscale approach. The Royal Society of Chemistry, 138, 5685-5696.
  14. Lee, G.G., 2008, Ojuseojongbangmulgobyeon(Choi, J., trans.). Hakyoun, Seoul. (Original work published 1834) (in Korean)
  15. Lee, P.W. and Kim, H.J., 1987, A scanning electron microscopic study on Korean rhus lacquer coats. Journal of The Korean Wood Science and Technology, 15, 24-33. (in Korean with English abstract)
  16. Liu, X., Elmahdy, A.E., Wildman, R.D., Ashcroft, I.A. and Ruiz, P.D., 2011, Experimental investigation and material modelling of fresh and UV aged Japanese lacquer. Progress in Coatings, 70, 160-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2010.09.020
  17. Lu, R. and Miyakoshi, T., 2015, Lacquer chemistry and applications. Elsevier Science Publishing Company Incorporated, UK, 312.
  18. Nakagoshi, K. and Yoshizumi, K., 2011, Degradation of Japanese lacquer under wavelength sensitivity of light radiation. Materials Sciences and Applications, 2, 1507-1515. https://doi.org/10.4236/msa.2011.210203
  19. National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage, 2014, Study on the adhesive properties of lacquer and glue. 75. (in Korean)
  20. Ogawa, T. and Jinnai, H., 2005, Degradation of Japanese lacquer. Materiaru Raifu Gakkaishi, 17(3). 94-98. (in Japanese)
  21. Watanabe, O. and Nagai, K., 1999a, Photodegradation of lacquer tree paint films and their external appearance. The Chemical Society of Japan, 2, 123-130. (in Japanese with English abstract)
  22. Watanabe, O. and Nagai, K., 1999b, Internal structure and photodegradation of oriental lacquer film. The Chemical Society of Japan, 2, 113-121. (in Japanese with English abstract)
  23. Xia, J., Lin, J., Xu, Y. and Chen, Q., 2011, On the UV induced polymeric behavior of chinese lacquer. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 3(2), 482-489. https://doi.org/10.1021/am1010578
  24. Yang, P.S., Seo, J.H. and Hwang, H.S., 2009, Revival manufacturing technique and bonding method for Jingdezhen white porcelain with metal bound rim. Journal of Conservation Science, 25(3), 273-282. (in Korean with English abstract)