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Contribution of Customer Orientation to Emotional Labor and Customer-Related Social Stressors in School Foodservice Employees -Focus on Daegu and Gyeongbuk Provinces-

학교급식 조리종사원의 고객지향성이 감정노동과 고객관련 스트레스에 미치는 영향 -대구·경북지역을 중심으로-

  • Lee, Kyung-A (Department of Food & Nutrition, Catholic University of Daegu) ;
  • Heo, Chang-Goo (Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Daegu)
  • 이경아 (대구가톨릭대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 허창구 (대구가톨릭대학교 심리학과)
  • Received : 2016.07.22
  • Accepted : 2016.10.12
  • Published : 2016.11.30

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine how customer orientation (CO) reduces employee stress to customers (CSS). As emotional labor strategies [surface acting (SA) and deep acting (DA)] may mediate a role between CO and CSS, we verified multiple parallel mediator roles of SA and DA between CO and CSS. Our survey was administered to 323 school foodservice employees in Daegu and Gyeongbuk. The results show that CO increased DA but did not decrease SA, and SA had a positive effect on CSS while DA did not influence CSS. These results did not support the parallel multiple mediator model. We conducted post-hoc model modification and proposed the serial multiple mediator model as a modified model. As a result, CO increased DA, DA reduced SA, and SA showed a positive relation with CSS. This double mediating effect through DA and SA between CO and CSS was significant. Based on these results, we found that CO did not have a direct effect on SA and CSS. DA did not directly reduce CSS while CO reduced SA and CSS through DA indirectly. DA had a negative effect on CSS through SA indirectly. Finally, implications and limitations of this are discussed.

본 연구에서는 대구 경북지역 초 중 고등학교 학교급식소에 근무하는 조리종사자 323명을 대상으로 고객지향성이 감정노동의 두 가지 전략에 미치는 영향을 분석하고 선택된 두 가지 감정노동 전략이 고객관련 스트레스에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 실시되었다. 조사대상자의 고객지향, 감정노동, 고객관련 스트레스의 전체 평균 점수는 고객지향성은 3.81/5.00점, 감정노동 중 표면행동은 2.39/5.00점, 내면행동은 3.45/5.00점, 고객관련 스트레스는 2.47/5.00점으로 나타났다. 고객지향성과 내면행동 점수는 전문대졸 이상, 정규 조리직 공무원, 초등학교 근무자에서 높게 나타났다. 표면행동 점수는 조리사 자격증 미소지자, 이직경험자, 초등학교와 고등학교 근무자에서 높게 나타났으며, 고객관련 스트레스 점수는 고졸 이하, 조리사 자격증 미소지자, 고등학교 근무자, 1일 급식횟수 2회 이상인 군에서 높게 나타났다. 또한, 본 연구는 고객지향성과 고객관련 스트레스의 관계를 감정노동이 매개할 것으로 가정하고, 고객지향성이 표면행동을 감소시켜 고객관련 스트레스를 줄이는 동시에 고객지향성이 내면행동을 증가시켜 고객관련 스트레스를 감소시키는 병렬다중매개모형을 연구모형으로 검증하였다. 그 결과 고객지향성은 고객관련 스트레스에 직접 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 고객지향성이 표면행동에 직접 영향을 미치지 않은데 반해 표면행동은 고객관련 스트레스에 정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 고객지향성이 내면행동에 정적 영향을 미치지만, 내면행동이 고객관련 스트레스에는 직접 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 바탕으로 진행된 사후 모형수정을 통해 고객지향성이 내면행동을 증가시키고, 증가된 내면행동이 표면행동을 감소시키며, 감소된 표면행동이 고객관련 스트레스를 줄이는 연속다중매개모형을 수정모형으로 제안하였다. 수정모형 검증 결과, 고객지향성과 고객관련 스트레스의 관계를 내면행동과 표면행동이 매개하는 이중매개 간접효과가 유의한 것으로 확인되었다. 이는 고객지향성이 고객관련 스트레스나 표면행동을 직접 줄여주는 것이 아니라, 고객에게 진심어린 정서를 표현하려는 노력인 내면행동을 유발하며, 또한 내면행동도 고객관련 스트레스를 직접 줄여주는 것이 아니라 감정적 불일치를 유발하는 표면행동을 줄여줌으로써 고객관련 스트레스를 감소시키고 있음을 보여주는 결과이다.

Keywords

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  1. A Study of Effect on Customer Orientation and Job Satisfaction of Customer Related Stress of Dietitians in Consigned Food Service Organizations vol.30, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.7856/kjcls.2019.30.4.553