Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers (한국추진공학회지)

The Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers (한국추진공학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Crystallization of Hydrazinium Nitroformate(HNF) as Eco-friendly Oxidizer

친환경 산화제 HNF 결정화 연구

  • Kim, Jina (Energetic Materials & Pyrotechnics Department, Hanwha Corporation Defence R&D Center) ;
  • Kim, Min Jun (Energetic Materials & Pyrotechnics Department, Hanwha Corporation Defence R&D Center) ;
  • Min, Byoung Sun (Agency for Defense Development)
  • Received : 2016.06.09
  • Accepted : 2016.10.13
  • Published : 2016.12.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Recently, environmental sustainability of the transitional explosives and propellants is an issue of growing importance in energetic materials. For examples, ammonium perchlorate(AP) as an solid propellants oxidizer could create a poisonous gas and atmospheric pollutions, such as HCl. Among the several oxidizers, hydrazinium nitroformate(HNF) is an effective candidate substance for eco-friendly oxidizer, which has high density, pressure index, and less smog generating property during combustion for the thrust control system. This study was controlled the size distribution and shapes through various conditions. Length and diameter ratio(L/D) of crystals has below 1 : 3, and the particle size was two types of $200{\mu}m$ and $50{\mu}m$.

최근 기존 화약과 추진제의 환경 지속성은 에너지 물질 분야에서 중요한 이슈로 부각되고 있다. 예를 들어 고체추진제의 산화제인 ammonium perchlorate(AP)는 염산과 같은 독성 가스와 대기 오염을 발생시켜 환경적 문제를 야기한다. 산화제 중 hydrazinium nitroformate(HNF)는 높은 밀도와 압력 지수를 가지고 있으며, 추력 제어 시스템에서 연소하는 동안 소규모의 연기를 배출하는 성질을 가지고 있기 때문에 환경 친화적으로 효과적인 후보 물질이다. 본 발표에서는 다양한 조건을 통하여 결정의 입도 및 형상을 제어하였다. 결정의 형상은 장단축비가(L/D) 1:3 이하이며, 입도는 두 가지 종류로 대략 $200{\mu}m$와 $50{\mu}m$로 얻을 수 있었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Klapotke, T.M., Minar, N.K. and Stierstorfer, J., "Investigations of Bis(methyltetrazolyl) Triazenes as Nitrogen-rich Ingredients in Solid Rocket Propellants - Synthesis, Characterization and Properties," Polyhedron, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 13-26, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2008.09.015
  2. Hantzsch, A. and Rinckenberger, A, "Ueber Nitroform," Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft, Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 628-641, 1899. https://doi.org/10.1002/cber.18990320192
  3. Krause, H.H., Energetic Materials, Wiley-VCH Verlag Gmbh & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany, ch. 1, 2005.
  4. Bohnlein-MauB J., Pfatteicher A., "The Influence of Spherical RDX on the Properties of Foamed Propellants," 35th Int. Annual Conference of ICT, Karlsruhe, Germany, p. 73, June, 2004.
  5. Schoyer, H.F.R., Schnorhk, A.J., Korting, P.A.O.G., van Lit P.J., Mul, J.M., Gadiot G.M.H.J.L. and Meulenbrugge, J.J., "Development of Hydrazinium Nitrofonnate Based Solid Propellants," AIAA Paper, San Diego, C.A., U.S.A., pp. 95-2864, 1995.
  6. Schoyer, H.F.R., Schnorhk, A.J., Korting, P.A.O.G., van Lit P.J., Mul, J.M., Gadiot G.M.H.J.L. and Meulenbrugge, J.J., "High-Pe$onnance Propellants Based on Hydrazinium Nitrofonnate," J. Prop., .Power 11, pp. 856-859, 1995. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.23911
  7. Schoyer, H.F.R., Welland-Veltmans, W.H.M., Louwers, J., Korting, P.A.O.G., van der Heijden, A.E.D.M., Keizers, H.L.J. and van den Berg, R.P., "Overview of the Development of Hydrazinium Nitroformate," Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 131-137, 2002. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.5908
  8. Javaid A., Mrinal G., Pundalik S. D., Ramdas S.D. and Arun K.S., "Nanocomposites: An Ideal Coating Material to Reduce the Sensitivity of Hydrazinium Nitroformate (HNF)," Propellants Explos. Pyrotech., Vol. 00, pp. 1-7, 2010.
  9. Dendage, P.S., Sarwade, D.B. and Mandale, A.B., "Characterization and Thermal Analysis of Hydrazinium Nitroformate (HNF)," Journal of Energetic Materials, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 167-183, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1080/716100384
  10. Schoyer, H.F.R., Welland-Veltmans, W.H.M., Louwers, J., Korting, P.A.O.G., van der Heijden, A.E.D.M., Keizers, H.L.J. and van den Berg, R.P., "Overview of the Development of Hydrazinium Nitroformate-Based Propellants," Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 138-145, 2002. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.5909
  11. Heijden, A.E.D.M., Leeuwenburgh, A.B., "HNF/HTPB propellants: Influence of HNF particle size on ballistic properties," Combustion and Flame, Vol. 156, No. 1, pp. 1359-1364, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2009.03.007
  12. Kim, J.N., Kim, M.J. and Min, B.S., "Synthesis and Crystallization of Hydrazinium Nitroformate(HNF) as Eco-friendly Oxidizer," Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers, Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 69-76, 2015. https://doi.org/10.6108/KSPE.2015.19.4.069