Korean Journal of Agricultural Science (농업과학연구)

Institute of Agricultural Science, CNU (충남대학교 농업과학연구소)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The effect of palm kernel meal supplementation in the diet on the growth performance and meat quality of swine, and on the level of odorous compounds and bacterial communities in swine manure

  • Received : 2016.07.28
  • Accepted : 2016.09.13
  • Published : 2016.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of palm kernel meal (PKM), as a fermentable carbohydrate source, on the growth performance, meat quality, concentration of odorous compound, and changes in bacterial community in swine manure. Swine (average initial body weight of $51.36{\pm}1.02kg$) were fed diet which included three levels of PKM (0, 2 and 4%), and their manure samples were collected from the slurry pit. Growth performance and meat quality were not affected by PKM treatments (p > 0.05). Levels of phenols and indoles were decreased in the 2 and 4% PKM treatments compared to 0% PKM (control; p < 0.05). Especially, compared to the control, the 2% PKM group showed decreased levels of phenols by 35% and indoles by 34%. Among the dominant bacterial genera, the main change in relative abundance occurred in those belonging to the Firmicutes phylum in PKM treatments. Terrisporobacter and Clostridium were decreased in the PKM groups compared to the control. However, the relative abundance of Intestinibacter, AM406061_g, Coprococcus_g2, Phascolarcotobacterium, EF401875_g, Lactobacillus, and Streptococcus were increased in the PKM group compared to control. Taken together, administration of PKM had a beneficial effect on reducing production of odorous compounds in swine manure, possibly by modulating the communities of predominantly carbohydrate-utilizing bacteria in the large intestine of swine.

Keywords

References

  1. Alimon AR. 2004. The nutritive value of palm kernel cake for animal feed. Palm Oil Development 40:12-14.
  2. Ao X, Zhou TX, Meng QW, Lee JH, Jang HD, Cho JH, Kim IH. 2011. Effects of a carbohydrase cocktail supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles and meat quality in finishing pigs fed palm kernel meal. Livestock Science 137:238-243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2010.11.014
  3. Belenguer A, Duncan SH, Holtrop G, Anderson SE, Lobley GE, Flint HJ. 2007. Impact of pH on lactate formation and utilization by human fecal microbial communities. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73:6526-6533. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00508-07
  4. Chung KT, Anderson GM, Fulk GE. 1975. Formation of indoleacetic acid by intestinal anaerobes. Journal of Bacteriology 124:573-575.
  5. Cummings JH, Macfarlane GT. 1991. The control and consequences of bacterial fermentation in the human colon. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 70:443-459. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1991.tb02739.x
  6. Daly K, Proudman CJ, Duncan SH, Flint HJ, Dyer J, Shirazi-Beechey SP. 2012. Alterations in microbiota and fermentation products in equine large intestine in response to dietary variation and intestinal disease. British Journal of Nutrition 107:989-995. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114511003825
  7. Davila A-M, Blachier F, Gotteland M, Andriamihaja M, Benetti P-H, Sanz Y, Tome D. 2013. Intestinal luminal nitrogen metabolism: role of the gut microbiota and consequences for the host. Pharmacological Research 68:95-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2012.11.005
  8. De Lange CFM, Pluske J, Gong J, Nyachoti CM. 2010. Strategic use of feed ingredients and feed additives to stimulate gut health and development in young pigs. Livestock Science 134:124-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2010.06.117
  9. Deng Y, Guo X, Wang Y, He M, Ma K, Wang H, Chen X, Kong D, Yang Z, Ruan Z. 2015. Terrisporobacter petrolearius sp. nov., isolated from an oilfield petroleum reservoir. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 65:3522-3526. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.000450
  10. Duncan DB. 1955. Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometrics 11:1-42. https://doi.org/10.2307/3001478
  11. Dusterhoft E, Posthumus M, Voragen A. 1992. Non-starch polysaccharides from sunflower (Helianthus annuus) meal and palm-kernel (Elaeis guineensis) meal investigation of the structure of major polysaccharides. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 59:151-160. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740590204
  12. Edgar RC, Haas BJ, Clemente JC, Quince C, Knight R. 2011. UCHIME improves sensitivity and speed of chimera detection. Bioinformatics 27:2194-2200. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btr381
  13. Gaskins HR. 2001. Intestinal bacteria and their influence on swine growth, Washington, DC, CRC Press.
  14. Gerritsen J, Fuentes S, Grievink W, van Niftrik L, Tindall BJ, Timmerman HM, Rijkers GT, Smidt H. 2014. Characterization of Romboutsia ilealis gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from the gastro-intestinal tract of a rat, and proposal for the reclassification of five closely related members of the genus Clostridium into the genera Romboutsia gen. nov., Intestinibacter gen. nov., Terrisporobacter gen. nov. and Asaccharospora gen. nov. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 64:1600-1616. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.059543-0
  15. Girija K, Thirumalairajan S, Patra AK, Mangalaraj D, Ponpandian N, Viswanathan C. 2013. Enhanced photocatalytic performance of novel self-assembled floral ${\beta}$-Ga 2 O 3 nanorods. Current Applied Physics 13:652-658. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cap.2012.11.004
  16. Goa Y, Rideout T, Lackeyram D, Archbold T, Fan M, Squires E, Duns G, de Lange C, Smith T. 1999. Manipulation of hindgut fermentation to reduce the excretion of selected odor-causing compounds in pigs. Symposium of the Hog Environmental Management Strategy (HEMS), Ottawa, Canada.
  17. Jaworski N, Shoulders J, Gonzalez-Vega J, Stein H. 2014. Effects of using copra meal, palm kernel expellers, or palm kernel meal in diets for weanling pigs. The Professional Animal Scientist 30:243-251. https://doi.org/10.15232/S1080-7446(15)30108-X
  18. Karlsson FH, Ussery DW, Nielsen J, Nookaew I. 2011. A closer look at bacteroides: Phylogenetic relationship and genomic implications of a life in the human gut. Microbial Ecology 61:473-485. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-010-9796-1
  19. Kim BG, Lee JH, Jung HJ, Han YK, Park KM, Hanz IK. 2001. Effect of partial replacement of soybean meal with palm kernel meal and copra meal on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 14:821-830. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2001.821
  20. Kim OS, Cho YJ, Lee K, Yoon SH, Kim M, Na H, Park SC, Jeon YS, Lee JH, Yi H, Won S, Chun J. 2012. Introducing EzTaxon-e: a prokaryotic 16S rRNA gene sequence database with phylotypes that represent uncultured species. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 62:716-721. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.038075-0
  21. Le PD, Aarnink AJ, Ogink NW, Becker PM, Verstegen MW. 2005. Odour from animal production facilities: its relationship to diet. Nutrition Research Reviews 18:3-30. https://doi.org/10.1079/NRR200592
  22. Mackie RI, Stroot PG, Varel VH. 1998. Biochemical identification and biological origin of key odor components in livestock waste. Journal of Animal Science 76:1331-1342. https://doi.org/10.2527/1998.7651331x
  23. Metzler-Zebeli BU, Zijlstra RT, Mosenthin R, Ganzle MG. 2011. Dietary calcium phosphate content and oat beta-glucan influence gastrointestinal microbiota, butyrate-producing bacteria and butyrate fermentation in weaned pigs. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 75:402-413. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2010.01017.x
  24. Montagne L, Pluske JR, Hampson DJ. 2003. A review of interactions between dietary fibre and the intestinal mucosa, and their consequences on digestive health in young non-ruminant animals. Animal Feed Science and Technology 108:95-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8401(03)00163-9
  25. Mosenthin R, Hambrecht E, Sauer W, Garnsworthy P, Wiseman J. 2001. Utilisation of different fibres in piglet feeds.In Recent developments in pig nutrition 3 edited by Garnsworthy P, Wiseman J. Nottingham University Press, UK.
  26. Nahm KH. 2003. Influences of fermentable carbohydrates on shifting nitrogen excretion and reducing ammonia emission of pigs. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 33:165-186. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643380390814523
  27. NPPC. 1991. Procedures to evaluate market hogs, Des Moines, IA, National Pork Producers Council.
  28. Overland M, Kjos NK, Fauske AK, Teige J, Sorum H. 2011. Easily fermentable carbohydrates reduce skatole formation in the distal intestine of entire male pigs. Livestock Science 140:206-217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2011.03.032
  29. Parker DB, Gilley J, Woodbury B, Kim K-H, Galvin G, Bartelt-Hunt SL, Li X, Snow DD. 2013. Odorous VOC emission following land application of swine manure slurry. Atmospheric Environment 66:91-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.01.001
  30. Ravindran V, Blair R. 1992. Feed resources for poultry production in Asia and the Pacific. II. Plant protein sources. World's Poultry Science Journal 48:205-231. https://doi.org/10.1079/WPS19920017
  31. SAS. 2002. SAS/STAT software, version 9.1. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, N.C. USA.
  32. Schloss PD, Westcott SL, Ryabin T, Hall JR, Hartmann M, Hollister EB, Lesniewski RA, Oakley BB, Parks DH, Robinson CJ, Sahl JW, Stres B, Thallinger GG, Van Horn DJ, Weber CF. 2009. Introducing mothur: open-source, platform-independent, community-supported software for describing and comparing microbial communities. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75:7537-7541. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01541-09
  33. Seo J, Kim W, Kim J, Kim JK, Kim SC, Jang Y, Jang K, Kim K, Kim B, Park S, Park I, Kim MK, Seo KS, Kim HB, Kim IH, Seo S, Song M. 2015. Effects of palm kernel expellers on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood profiles of weaned pigs. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 28:987-992. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.14.0842
  34. Shinohara K, Ohashi Y, Kawasumi K, Terada A, Fujisawa T. 2010. Effect of apple intake on fecal microbiota and metabolites in humans. Anaerobe 16:510-515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2010.03.005
  35. Singhania RR, Soccol CR, Pandey A. 2008. Application of tropical agro-industrial residues as substrate for solid-state fermentation processes. Current developments in solid-state fermentation. Springer.
  36. Sulabo RC, Ju WS, Stein HH. 2013. Amino acid digestibility and concentration of digestible and metabolizable energy in copra meal, palm kernel expellers, and palm kernel meal fed to growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 91:1391-1399. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2012-5281
  37. Wang JF, Zhu YH, Li DF, Wang Z, Jensen BB. 2004. In vitro fermentation of various fiber and starch sources by pig fecal inocula. Journal of Animal Science 82:2615-2622. https://doi.org/10.2527/2004.8292615x
  38. Willig S, Losel D, Claus R. 2005. Effects of resistant potato starch on odor emission from feces in Swine production units. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53:1173-1178. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf048658+
  39. Yang J, Martinez I, Walter J, Keshavarzian A, Rose DJ. 2013. In vitro characterization of the impact of selected dietary fibers on fecal microbiota composition and short chain fatty acid production. Anaerobe 23:74-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2013.06.012
  40. Yu C, Zhang S, Yang Q, Peng Q, Zhu J, Zeng X, Qiao S. 2016. Effect of high fibre diets formulated with different fibrous ingredients on performance, nutrient digestibility and faecal microbiota of weaned piglets. Archives of Animal Nutrition 70:263-277. https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2016.1183364

Cited by

  1. Effects of seeding and harvest dates on the productivity, nutritive values, and livestock carrying capacity of spring-seeded oats (Avena sative L.) in the northern Gyeongbuk province vol.44, pp.3, 2017, https://doi.org/10.7744/kjoas.20170037