Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology (수면정신생리)

KOREAN ACADEMY OF SLEEP MEDICINE (대한수면의학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of Sleep on Balance Control and Reaction Time to Visual Stimuli

수면이 균형조절과 시각적 자극 반응시간에 미치는 영향

  • Park, Sookyoung (Department of Physical Therapy, College of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inje University) ;
  • Park, Jung-A (Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Kyungnam University) ;
  • Park, Kanghui (u-Healthcare & Anti-aging Research Center (u-HARC), Inje University) ;
  • Kim, Joo-Heon (Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Hong, Yonggeun (Department of Physical Therapy, College of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inje University)
  • 박수경 (인제대학교 의생명공학대학 물리치료학과) ;
  • 박정아 (경남대학교 건강과학대학 물리치료학과) ;
  • 박강희 (인제대학교 u-항노화헬스케어연구소) ;
  • 김주헌 (경상대학교 수의과대학 동물의학연구소) ;
  • 홍용근 (인제대학교 의생명공학대학 물리치료학과)
  • Received : 2016.11.05
  • Accepted : 2016.12.15
  • Published : 2016.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objectives: To find evidence that sleep is necessary for normal brain function, thus indicating that declines in both sleep quality and quantity are related to worse performance of many daily tasks and deteriorated physical functions. The present study investigates the relationships of balance control and reaction time with sleep quality. Methods: 58 healthy (male 20, female 38) volunteers with informed consent participated in this study. The Self-reported Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to evaluate sleep quality and relevant factors, and the subjects were divided into groups A (PSQI < 5) and B ($PSQI{\geq}5$) based on this index. Static balance control and reaction time to visual stimuli were conducted to assess their relationship with sleep quality. Results: Group B exhibited excessive daytime sleepiness significantly more often compared to group A. Static balance control did not markedly change relative to sleep quality, but reaction time and error to visual stimuli were significantly increased in group B compared to group A. Conclusion: These findings indicate that a decline in sleep quality can result in delayed reactions, as well as decreased accuracy of these reactions. They also suggest that low sleep quality may be associated with changes in physical functions, including balance control through reduced selective attention.

목 적 : 수면은 신체의 기능을 회복시키고 항상성을 유지시키는 인체의 필수적인 생리작용으로, 수면의 질 저하는 전반적인 건강문제를 야기 시키는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 수면과 균형조절능력의 관계에 대해 규명하기 위하여, 수면이 균형조절과 시각적 반응시간에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 본 연구에 참여하기를 서면 동의한 건강한 20대 남녀 58명을 대상으로 PSQI를 이용하여 수면의 질을 평가한 다음, PSQI 점수에 따라 대상자를 A군(PSQI <5)과 B군($PSQI{\geq}5$)으로 분류하였다. 이후 대상자들의 체성분과 신체특성, 균형조절, 시각적 반응시간 및 오류횟수를 각각 측정하였다. 결 과 : 수면의 질이 양호한 A군에 비해 수면의 질이 낮은 B군에서 아침기상 시 졸린 정도가 유의하게 높은 것으로 나타났다. 수면이 체성분에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보기 위해 두 실험군의 신체조성을 비교한 결과, 수면의 질이 낮은 여자 대상자들의 체지방량과 체지방률이 유의하게 낮은 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 수면상태에 따른 균형을 비교한 결과, 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았지만, 시각적 반응시간에서는 유의한 증가가 확인되었다. 특히 수면의 질이 낮은 B군에서 반응시간은 선형적으로 유의하게 증가하였으며, 오차횟수 역시 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 결 론 : 수면의 질 저하는 반응속도를 지연시키고, 반응의 정확도를 감소시키는 것으로 나타났는데, 이러한 선택적 주의력의 저하는 균형조절에 영향을 끼칠 수 있고, 이로 인해 예상하지 못한 순간에 낙상 등의 손상을 입을 위험이 증가할 수 있다.

Keywords

References

  1. 통계청. 2014년 생활시간조사 결과;2015.
  2. Akkaya N, Akkaya S, Atalay NS, Acar M, Catalbas N, Sahin F. Assessment of the relationship between postural stability and sleep quality in patients with fibromyalgia. Clin Rheumatol 2013;32:325-331. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-012-2117-y
  3. Anic GM, Titus-Ernstoff L, Newcomb PA, Trentham-Dietz A, Egan KM. Sleep duration and obesity in a population-based study. Sleep Med 2010;11:447-451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2009.11.013
  4. Borel L, Alescio-Lautier B. Posture and cognition in the elderly: interaction and contribution to the rehabilitation strategies. Neurophysiol Clin 2014;44:95-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucli.2013.10.129
  5. Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF 3rd, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index: A new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res 1989;28:193-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4
  6. Byrd K, Gelaye B, Tadessea MG, Williams MA, Lemma S, Berhanec Y. Sleep Disturbances and Common Mental Disorders in College Students. Health Behav Policy Rev 2014;1:229-237. https://doi.org/10.14485/HBPR.1.3.7
  7. Chang JH, Huang PT, Lin YK, Lin CE, Lin CM, Shieh YH, et al. Association between sleep duration and sleep quality, and metabolic syndrome in Taiwanese police officers. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2015;28:1011-1023. https://doi.org/10.13075/ijomeh.1896.00359
  8. Curcio G, Ferrara M, De Gennaro L. Sleep loss, learning capacity and academic performance. Sleep Med Rev 2006;10:323-337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2005.11.001
  9. Di Fabio RP, Emasithi A. Aging and the mechanisms underlying head and postural control during voluntary motion. Phys Ther 1997;77:458-475. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/77.5.458
  10. Dinges DF, Pack F, Williams K, Gillen KA, Powell JW, Ott GE, et al. Cumulative sleepiness, mood disturbance, and psychomotor vigilance performance decrements during a week of sleep restricted to 4-5 hours per night. Sleep 1997;20:267-277.
  11. Ferrie JE, Shipley MJ, Akbaraly TN, Marmot MG, Kivimaki M, Singh-Manoux A. Change in sleep duration and cognitive function: findings from the Whitehall II Study. Sleep 2011;34:565- 573. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/34.5.565
  12. Gregory AM, O'Connor TG. Sleep problems in childhood: a longitudinal study of developmental change and association with behavioral problems. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2002;41:964-971. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200208000-00015
  13. Gribble PA, Hertel J. Changes in postural control during a 48-hr. sleep deprivation period. Percept Mot Skills 2004;99:1035- 1045. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.99.3.1035-1045
  14. Horak FB. Postural orientation and equilibrium: what do we need to know about neural control of balance to prevent falls? Age Ageing 2006;35-S2:ii7-ii11. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afj124
  15. Kim EY, Choi YS, Kim SM, Choi SY, Kim EH, Kim JE, et al. The association between sleep duration and body composition variables in Korean adults. Korean J Clin Geri 2014;15:27-34. https://doi.org/10.15656/kjcg.2014.15.1.27
  16. Kim GH, Yoon HS. Factors influencing ileep quality in nursing students and non nursing students. J Korean Acad Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2013;22:320-329. https://doi.org/10.12934/jkpmhn.2013.22.4.320
  17. Kim HS, Yun DH, Yoo SD, Kim DH, Jeong YS, Yun JS, et al. Balance control and knee osteoarthritis severity. Ann Rehabil Med 2011;35:701-709. https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.2011.35.5.701
  18. 18. Lee GH. Effects of stress and sleep deprivation on human postural control. Korean J Str Res 2010;12:327-335
  19. Lee HK. The effects of sleep deprivation on the exercise performance. JCD 2014;16:75-81.
  20. Lee IK. Polysomnography. KJCN 1999;1:230-235.
  21. Lee SJ, Park CS, Kim BJ, Lee CS, Cha B, Lee D. Sleep and Resilience. Sleep Med Psychophysiol 2015;22:53-56. https://doi.org/10.14401/KASMED.2015.22.2.53
  22. Liu R, Zee PC, Chervin RD, Arguelles LM, Birne J, Zhang S, et al. Short sleep duration is associated with insulin resistance independent of adiposity in Chinese adult twins. Sleep Med 2011; 12:914-919. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2011.04.006
  23. Liu Y, Higuchi S, Motohashi Y. Changes in postural sway during a period of sustained wakefulness in male adults. Occup Med (Lond) 2001;51:490-495. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/51.8.490
  24. Louca M, Short MA. The effect of one night's sleep deprivation on adolescent neurobehavioral performance. Sleep 2014;37:1799- 1807. https://doi.org/10.5665/sleep.4174
  25. Park HY, Kim YS. Development of a computer-aided experiment for learning stimuli and response. BE 2010;38:643-656.
  26. Park JS, Heo NB, Byun YH, Hwang MH, Kim SH, The relation analysis of obesity and blood lipid on total physical activity level in short sleeping adults. Journal of Sport and Leisure Studies 2014;57:879-892.
  27. Pilcher JJ, Ginter DR, Sadowsky B. Sleep quality versus sleep quantity: relationships between sleep and measures of health, wellbeing and sleepiness in college students. J Psychosom Res 1997;42:583-596. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3999(97)00004-4
  28. Roehrs T, Kapke A, Roth T, Breslau N. Sex differences in the polysomnographic sleep of young adults: a community-based study. Sleep Med 2006;7:49-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2005.05.008
  29. Ross SE, Guskiewicz KM. Examination of static and dynamic postural stability in individuals with functionally stable and unstable ankles. Clin J Sport Med 2004;14:332-8. https://doi.org/10.1097/00042752-200411000-00002
  30. Schredl M, Alm B, Sobanski E. Sleep quality in adult patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2007;257:164-168. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-006-0703-1
  31. Shin SY, Lee JY, Jeong DU. Sleep Patterns and Academic Performance in Medical Students. Sleep Med Psychophysiol 2008;15: 87-93.
  32. Shumaway-Cook A, Woollacott M. Motor control: Theory and practical applications. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins;1995. p.1-20.
  33. Taheri M, Arabameri E. The effect of sleep deprivation on choice reaction time and anaerobic power of college student athletes. Asian J Sports Med 2012;3:15-20.
  34. Thomas M, Sing H, Belenky G, Holcomb H, Mayberg H, Dannals R, et al. Neural basis of alertness and cognitive performance impairments during sleepiness. I. Effects of 24 h of sleep deprivation on waking human regional brain activity. J Sleep Res 2000; 9:335-352. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2869.2000.00225.x
  35. Tsang WW, Chan VW, Wong HH, Yip TW, Lu X. The effect of performing a dual-task on postural control and selective attention of older adults when stepping backward. J Phys Ther Sci 2016;28:2806-2811. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.28.2806
  36. Wade MG, Jones G. The role of vision and spatial orientation in the maintenance of posture. Phys Ther 1997;77:619-628. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/77.6.619
  37. Wu MC, Yang YC, Wu JS, Wang RH, Lu FH, Chang CJ. Short sleep duration associated with a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome in an apparently healthy population. Prev Med 2012;55:305-309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.07.013