Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education (한국과학교육학회지)

The Korean Association for Science Education (한국과학교육학회)
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Development of a Science Ethicality Test for Elementary School Students

초등학생들의 과학윤리성을 측정하기 위한 검사도구 개발

  • Received : 2015.09.23
  • Accepted : 2016.02.01
  • Published : 2016.02.29
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Abstract

The purpose of this study is to develop a Science Ethicality Test (SET) to measure students' science ethics. To secure the validity and reliability of the SET, the authors have applied Rest's Four Components Model (FCM). To develop the SET, authors have conducted the following procedures: analysis of the Korean Youth Moral Test (Kim & Lee, 2012), alteration of the KYMT; and development of the SET. Rest's FCM is consisted of moral sensitivity, moral judgment, moral motivation, and moral character. The SET is consisted of ethical sensitivity, ethical judgment, ethical motivation, and ethical character with each factor having its own elements. To secure the validity and reliability of SET, authors requested a validity assessment from five experts (two evaluators are science education experts, two others are ethics education experts, and one evaluator is a scientist), and surveyed 599 elementary school students. As a result, SET proved high levels of validity and reliability.

이 연구는 과학윤리성을 진단하기 위한 검사도구의 개발을 목적으로, 과학윤리성 진단 검사도구의 타당성과 신뢰성을 확보하기 위하여 실시되었다. 과학윤리성을 정의하기 위하여 Rest(1983, 1986)의 도덕성 4구성요소 모형을 과학윤리에 적용하였다. 과학윤리성 진단 검사 도구를 개발하기 위하여 다음의 과정을 수행하였다. 우선 청소년 도덕성 검사도구(Kim & Lee, 2012)를 분석하였고, 이를 수정하여 과학 윤리성 진단 검사도구에 적용하였다. 과학윤리성의 4가지 구성요소를 설정하고 각각의 하위요소를 선정한 후, 초등학생들을 대상으로 한 예비검사와 이해도 검사를 통하여 검사도구를 개발하였다. 검사도구를 개발함에 있어서 검사도구의 타당성을 확보하기 위하여 연구자는 2명의 과학윤리 전문가, 2명의 윤리교육 전문가, 1명의 과학자에게 내용의 타당성을 점검받았다. 그리고 개발된 과학윤리성 진단 검사도구를 이용하여 초등학교 3, 4, 5, 6학년 학생 599명을 대상으로 과학윤리성 검사를 실시하였다. 검사 결과 과학윤리성 진단 검사도구의 문항에 대한 신뢰도와 검사점수에 대한 신뢰도 모두 높은 수준으로 나타나 과학윤리성 진단 검사도구가 신뢰할 수 있게 개발되었다고 볼 수 있다. 초등학생들을 대상을 한 과학윤리성 검사 결과, 과학윤리 민감성은 지역에 따른 유의한 차이를 보였고 과학윤리 동기화는 학년별 지역별 차이가 나타났다. 과학윤리성 진단 검사도구는 초등학생들의 과학윤리성을 진단하는 목적으로 충분히 활용 가능할 것으로 보이며, 추후 중등학교 학생들을 대상으로 한 검사를 실시하여 도구의 신뢰도를 파악하고 초등학교 학생들과 비교해보는 연구를 제안한다.

Keywords

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