Environmental Engineering Research

  • 제21권1호
  • /
  • Pages.36-44
  • /
  • 2016
  • /
  • 1226-1025(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2005-968X(eISSN)
대한환경공학회 (Korean Society of Environmental Engineers)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Use of biochar to enhance constructed wetland performance in wastewater reclamation

  • Gupta, Prabuddha (Department of Energy and Environment Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University) ;
  • Ann, Tae-woong (Department of Energy and Environment Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University) ;
  • Lee, Seung-Mok (Department of Energy and Environment Convergence, Catholic Kwandong University)
  • 투고 : 2015.07.14
  • 심사 : 2015.12.08
  • 발행 : 2016.03.31
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Constructed wetlands are established efficient technologies and provide sustainable solution for wastewater treatment. Similarly, biochar, which is an organic material, produced by means of pyrolysis, offers simple and low cost techniques to treat water and reduce carbon footprint. Combining both of these technologies can greatly augment the efficiency of the system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of constructed wetlands by using biochar as media. Horizontal wetland beds with dimension ($1m{\times}0.33m{\times}0.3m$) were prepared using gravels and biochar, and cultivated with the Canna species. Synthetic wastewater was passed through these beds with average flow rate of $1.2{\times}10^{-7}m^3/sec$ achieving a retention time of three days. Pollutant removal performance was compared between the controlled and experimental wetland beds. This study reveals that the wetland with biochar were more efficient as compared to the wetland with gravels alone with average removal rate of 91.3% COD, 58.3% TN, 58.3% $NH_3$, 92% $NO_3-N$, 79.5% TP, and 67.7% $PO_4$.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Kivaisi AK. The potential for constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment and reuse in developing countries: a review. Ecol. Eng. 2001;16:545-560. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-8574(00)00113-0
  2. He Q, Mankin KR. Performance variations of cod and nitrogen removal by vegetated submerged bed wetlands. J. Am. Water Resour. As. 2002;38:1679-1689. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2002.tb04373.x
  3. Kadlec RH, Wallace S. Treatment Wetlands. 2th ed. CRC Press; 2008.
  4. Dordio AV, Candeias AJE, Pinto AP, da Costa CT, Carvalho AJP. Preliminary media screening for application in the removal of clofibric acid, carbamazepine and ibuprofen by SSF-constructed wetlands. Ecol. Eng. 2009;35:290-302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2008.02.014
  5. Stottmeister U, Wiessner A, Kuschk P, et al. Effects of plants and microorganisms in constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment. Biotechnol. Adv. 2003;22:93-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2003.08.010
  6. Arias CA, Brix H. Phosphorus removal in constructed wetlands: can suitable alternative media be identified? Water Sci. Technol. 2005;51:267-273.
  7. Liang B, Lehmann J, Solomon D, et al. Black Carbon increases cation exchange capacity in soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 2006;70:1719-1730. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2005.0383
  8. Warnock DD, Lehmann J, Kuyper TW, Rillig MC. Mycorrhizal responses to biochar in soil - concepts and mechanisms. Plant Soil. 2007;300:9-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9391-5
  9. Yu XY, Ying GG, Kookana RS. Reduced plant uptake of pesticides with biochar additions to soil. Chemosphere 2009;76:665-671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.04.001
  10. Liu ZG, Zhang FS. Removal of lead from water using biochars prepared from hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass. J. Hazard. Mater. 2009;167:933-939. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.01.085
  11. Lehmann J. A handful of carbon. Nature 2007;447:143-144. https://doi.org/10.1038/447143a
  12. Spokas KA, Novak JM, Venterea RT. Biochar's role as an alternative N-fertilizer: ammonia capture. Plant Soil. 2012;350:35-42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-011-0930-8
  13. Yanai Y, Toyota K, Okazaki M. Effects of charcoal addition on $N_2O$ emissions from soil resulting from rewetting air-dried soil in short-term laboratory experiments. Soil Sci. Plant. Nutr. 2007;53:181-188. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-0765.2007.00123.x
  14. Hale SE, Lehmann J, Rutherford D, et al. Quantifying the total and bioavailable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and dioxins in biochars. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012;46:2830-2838. https://doi.org/10.1021/es203984k
  15. Mohan D, Sharma R, Singh VK, Steele P, Pittman CU. Fluoride removal from water using bio-char, a green waste, low-cost adsorbent: Equilibrium uptake and sorption dynamics modeling. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2012;51:900-914. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie202189v
  16. Marschner B, Werner S, Alfes K, Lubken M. Potential dual use of biochar for wastewater treatment and soil amelioration. In: EGU General Assembly; 2013 April 7-12; Vienna.
  17. Chen BL, Zhou DD, Zhu LZ. Transitional adsorption and partition of nonpolar and polar aromatic contaminants by biochars of pine needles with different pyrolytic temperatures. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008;42:5137-5143. https://doi.org/10.1021/es8002684
  18. Qiu YP, Zheng ZZ, Zhou ZL, Sheng GD. Effectiveness and mechanisms of dye adsorption on a straw-based biochar. Bioresour. Technol. 2009;100:5348-5351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.05.054
  19. de Rozari P, Greenway M, El Hanandeh A. An investigation into the effectiveness of sand media amended with biochar to remove $BOD_5$, suspended solids and coliforms using wetland mesocosms. Water Sci. Technol. 2015;71:1536-1544. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.120
  20. Zhang ZH, Solaiman ZM, Meney K, Murphy DV, Rengel Z. Biochars immobilize soil cadmium, but do not improve growth of emergent wetland species Juncus subsecundus in cadmium- contaminated soil. J. Soil Sediment. 2013;13:140-151. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-012-0571-4
  21. Cao XD, Ma LN, Gao B, Harris W. Dairy-manure derived biochar effectively sorbs lead and atrazine. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009;43:3285-3291. https://doi.org/10.1021/es803092k
  22. OCED. Guideline for testing of chemicals simulation test-Aerobic sewage treatment: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). France: 1996.
  23. APHA. APHA standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. Washington, D.C: 1998.
  24. Lee SM, Tiwari D, Choi KM, Yang JK, Chang YY, Lee HD. Removal of Mn(II) from aqueous solutions using manganese-coated sand samples. J. Chem. Eng. Data. 2009;54:1823-1828. https://doi.org/10.1021/je800854s
  25. Gersberg R, Elkins B, Lyon S, Goldman C. Role of aquatic plants in wastewater treatment by artificial wetlands. Water Res. 1986;20:363-368. https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(86)90085-0
  26. Wolverton B, Mc Donald R, Duffer W. Microorganisms and higher plants for waste water treatment. Journal of environmental quality 1983;12:236-242.
  27. El-Ashtoukhy ESZ, Amin NK, Abdelwahab O. Removal of lead (II) and copper (II) from aqueous solution using pomegranate peel as a new adsorbent. Desalination 2008;223:162-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2007.01.206
  28. Vymazal J. Removal of nutrients in various types of constructed wetlands. Sci. Total Environ. 2007;380:48-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.09.014
  29. Ding Y, Liu YX, Wu WX, Shi DZ, Yang M, Zhong ZK. Evaluation of Biochar Effects on Nitrogen Retention and Leaching in Multi-Layered Soil Columns. Water Air Soil Poll. 2010;213:47-55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-010-0366-4
  30. USEPA. Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands For WasteWater Treatment: A Technology Assessment [Internet]. USEPA; c1993 [cited 2015]. Available from: http://water.epa.gov/type/wetlands/restore/upload/2003_07_01_wetlands_pdf_sub.pdf.
  31. Cayuela ML, Sanchez-Monedero MA, Roig A, Hanley K, Enders A, Lehmann J. Biochar and denitrification in soils: when, how much and why does biochar reduce $N_2O$ emissions? Sci. Rep. 2013;3.
  32. Taghizadeh-Toosi A, Clough TJ, Sherlock RR, Condron LM. Biochar adsorbed ammonia is bioavailable. Plant Soil. 2012;350:57-69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-011-0870-3
  33. Verhamme DT, Prosser JI, Nicol GW. Ammonia concentration determines differential growth of ammonia-oxidising archaea and bacteria in soil microcosms. Isme. J. 2011;5:1067-1071. https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2010.191
  34. Kumar P, Sudha S, Chand S, Srivastava VC. Phosphate Removal from Aqueous Solution Using Coir-Pith Activated Carbon. Sep. Sci. Technol. 2010;45:1463-1470. https://doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2010.485604
  35. Huett DO, Morris SG, Smith G, Hunt N. Nitrogen and phosphorus removal from plant nursery runoff in vegetated and unvegetated subsurface flow wetlands. Water Res. 2005;39:3259-3272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2005.05.038
  36. Ann Y, Reddy KR, Delfino JJ. Influence of chemical amendments on phosphorus immobilization in soils from a constructed wetland. Ecol. Eng. 2000;14:157-167.
  37. Gray S, Kinross J, Read P, Marland A. The nutrient assimilative capacity of maerl as a substrate in constructed wetland systems for waste treatment. Water Res. 2000;34:2183-2190. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(99)00414-5
  38. Wu Y, Chung A, Tam NFY, Pi N, Wong MH. Constructed mangrove wetland as secondary treatment system for municipal wastewater. Ecol. Eng. 2008;34:137-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2008.07.010
  39. Calheiros CSC, Rangel AOSS, Castro PML. Constructed wetland systems vegetated with different plants applied to the treatment of tannery wastewater. Water Res. 2007;41:1790-1798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2007.01.012

피인용 문헌

  1. Removal of nitrate, ammonia and phosphate from aqueous solutions in packed bed filter using biochar augmented sand media vol.120, pp.2261-236X, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201712005004
  2. Understanding wastewater treatment mechanisms: a review on detection, removal, and purification efficiencies of faecal bacteria indicators across constructed wetlands vol.25, pp.4, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2017-0017
  3. Phosphorus Removal from Wastewater in Biofilters with Biochar Augmented Geomedium: Effect of Biochar Particle Size vol.45, pp.7, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.201600123
  4. Phosphorus removal efficiency from wastewater under different loading conditions using sand biofilters augmented with biochar pp.1735-2630, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-017-1474-0
  5. Phosphorus sorption capacity of biochars from different waste woods and bamboo pp.1549-7879, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2018.1488806
  6. Enhanced nitrogen removal in biochar-added surface flow constructed wetlands: dealing with seasonal variation in the north China vol.26, pp.4, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3895-9
  7. Pipe Dreams: Urban Wastewater Treatment for Biodiversity Protection vol.2, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci2010010
  8. Use of broken brick to enhance the removal of nutrients in subsurface flow constructed wetlands receiving hospital wastewater vol.79, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.037
  9. Sustainability of constructed wetlands using biochar as effective absorbent for treating wastewaters vol.3, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s42108-019-00025-9
  10. Impact of Aeration on the Removal of Organic Matter and Nitrogen Compounds in Constructed Wetlands Treating the Liquid Fraction of Piggery Manure vol.9, pp.20, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3390/app9204310
  11. Combined Vertical-Horizontal Flow Biochar Filter for Onsite Wastewater Treatment-Removal of Organic Matter, Nitrogen and Pathogens vol.9, pp.24, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3390/app9245386
  12. Horizontal Flow Constructed Wetland for Greywater Treatment and Reuse: An Experimental Case vol.17, pp.7, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072317
  13. Removal Efficiencies of Manganese and Iron Using Pristine and Phosphoric Acid Pre-Treated Biochars Made from Banana Peels vol.12, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3390/w12041173
  14. Dynamic variation in nitrogen removal of constructed wetlands modified by biochar for treating secondary livestock effluent under varying oxygen supplying conditions vol.260, pp.None, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110152
  15. Combined biochar vertical flow and free-water surface constructed wetland system for dormitory sewage treatment and reuse vol.713, pp.None, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136404
  16. Two-step system consisting of novel vertical flow and free water surface constructed wetland for effective sewage treatment and reuse vol.306, pp.None, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123095
  17. Preparation of straw biochar and application of constructed wetland in China: A review vol.273, pp.None, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123131
  18. Application of biochar as an innovative substrate in constructed wetlands/biofilters for wastewater treatment: Performance and ecological benefits vol.293, pp.None, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126156
  19. Experimental study on the water purification performance of biochar-modified pervious concrete vol.285, pp.None, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.122767
  20. Floating treatment wetlands in domestic wastewater treatment as a decentralized sanitation alternative vol.773, pp.None, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145609
  21. Impacts of aeration and biochar on physiological characteristics of plants and microbial communities and metabolites in constructed wetland microcosms for treating swine wastewater vol.200, pp.None, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.111415
  22. Mechanistic understanding of the pollutant removal and transformation processes in the constructed wetland system vol.93, pp.10, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.1599
  23. “Cattle dung biochar-packed vertical flow constructed wetland for nutrient removal”: Effect of intermittent aeration and wastewater COD/N loads on the removal process vol.43, pp.None, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2021.102215
  24. Wastewater nutrients and coliforms removals in tidal flow constructed wetland: Effect of the plant (Typha) stand and biochar addition vol.43, pp.None, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2021.102292
  25. Constructed Wetlands as a Landscape Management Practice for Nutrient Removal from Agricultural Runoff-A Local Practice Case on the East Coast of Taiwan vol.13, pp.21, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3390/w13212973
  26. Total value wall: Full scale demonstration of a green wall for grey water treatment and recycling vol.298, pp.None, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113489
  27. Development of an Open Channel That Also Functions as a Wetland to Reduce Domestic Wastewater vol.930, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/930/1/012014
  28. Enhanced wastewater nutrients removal in vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland: Effect of biochar addition and tidal flow operation vol.286, pp.p2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131742
  29. A critical review on production, modification and utilization of biochar vol.161, pp.None, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2021.105405
  30. Effects of plants and biochar on the performance of treatment wetlands for removal of the pesticide chlorantraniliprole from agricultural runoff vol.175, pp.None, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2021.106477