Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology (한국환경생태학회지)

Korean Society of Environment and Ecology (한국환경생태학회)
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Interspecific Competition and spatial Ecology of three Species of Vipers in Korea: An Application of Ecological niche-based Models and GIS

한국산 살모사과 3종의 경쟁과 공간적 생태 - 생태적 지위를 기반으로 한 모델과 지리정보시스템 적용 -

  • Do, Min Seock (Dept. of Biology, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Lee, Jin-Won (Dept. of Biology, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Jang, Hoan-Jin (Dept. of National Environment Research, Basic Ecological Research Head Office, National Institute of Ecology) ;
  • Kim, Dae-In (Dept. of National Environment Research, Basic Ecological Research Head Office, National Institute of Ecology) ;
  • Yoo, Jeong-Chil (Dept. of Biology, Kyung Hee University)
  • 도민석 (경희대학교 생물학과) ;
  • 이진원 (경희대학교 생물학과) ;
  • 장환진 (국립생태원 기초생태연구본부 자연환경조사부) ;
  • 김대인 (국립생태원 기초생태연구본부 자연환경조사부) ;
  • 유정칠 (경희대학교 생물학과)
  • Received : 2015.11.11
  • Accepted : 2016.03.15
  • Published : 2016.04.29
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Abstract

Knowledge of the relationships among interspecific competition, spatial distributions and ecological niches plays an important role in understanding biogeographical distribution patterns of species. In this study, the distributional characteristics and ecological niches of the three Viperidae species (Gloydius ussuriensis, G. brevicaudus, and G. saxatilis) in South Korea were determined based on observation data and species distribution model. The effects of interspecific competition on geographical distribution and the division of the ecological niches of the vipers were also examined based on the models of predicted species distribution. The results showed that altitude was the most important environmental variable for their distribution, and the altitudes at which these snakes were distributed correlated with the climate of that region. Although interspecific ecological niches are quite overlapped, their predicted distribution patternsvary by the Taebaek Mountains. When overlaying the distribution models, most of the overlapping habitats were forest areas, which were relatively less overlapped than were the entire research areas. Thus, a parapatric distribution pattern was expected. The abundance of species occurring sympatrically was positively correlated with each other, indicating the lack of serious interspecies competition in this region. In conclusion, although the three Viperidae species in South Korea occupy similar ecological niches, these snakes exhibit parapatric distribution patterns without direct competition. Further research on various geographic variables (e.g., altitude, microhabitat characteristics) using relatively fine grid sizes, as well as further detailed ecological and behavioral research, is needed to determine the causative factors for the parapatric distribution pattern.

생물종의 경쟁과 공간적 분포, 생태적 지위의 관계에 대한 정보는 생물지리학적 분포형태를 이해하는 데 중요한 역할을 한다. 본 연구에서는 한국에 서식하고 있는 살모사과 3종(Gloydius ussuriensis, G. brevicaudus, G. saxatilis)에 대해 관찰자료와 종 분포 모델 기법을 바탕으로 분포 특성과 종의 생태적 지위를 산출하였고, 예측된 종 분포 모델들을 바탕으로 지리적 분포와 생태적 지위의 분화에 대한 종간 경쟁 관계의 영향을 추론하였다. 연구 결과 고도가 살모사들의 분포에 가장 중요한 환경변수로 나타났으며, 그들이 분포한 고도는 그 지역의 기후와 상관관계를 나타냈다. 종간 생태적 지위는 비교적 높게 중첩되어 있었지만, 예측된 3종의 분포형태는 태백산맥을 기준으로 차이를 나타냈다. 분포모델들을 중첩한 결과, 종간 중첩된 지역의 서식지는 대부분 산림지역으로, 전체 조사 지역에 비해 비교적 작은 범위가 중첩되어 접소적인 분포형태가 예측되었다. 또한 중첩된 지역에 분포한 개체수는 종간 양의 상관관계를 나타내고 있어, 이 지역에서 종간 경쟁이 심하지 않다는 것을 암시하고 있다. 결론적으로 한국에 서식하고 있는 살모사과 3종은 유사한 생태적 지위를 차지하고 있지만, 직접적인 경쟁 없이 접소적인 분포형태를 띠고 있는 것으로 보인다. 향후 접소적인 분포형태를 일으키는 직접적인 요인을 알아내기 위해, 보다 자세한 생태학적, 행동학적 연구와 더불어 비교적 세밀한 격자 크기를 통한 다양한 지형변수(고도, 미소서식지 특성 등)들에 대한 연구가 진행될 필요가 있다.

Keywords

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