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남·북한강과 경안천 합류 수역 팔당호의 수질 변동성에 대한 기상·수문학적 영향

Hydro-meteorological Effects on Water Quality Variability in Paldang Reservoir, Confluent Area of the South-Han River-North-Han River-Gyeongan Stream, Korea

  • 황순진 (건국대학교 보건환경과학과) ;
  • 김건희 (건국대학교 보건환경과학과) ;
  • 박채홍 (건국대학교 보건환경과학과) ;
  • 서완범 (건국대학교 보건환경과학과) ;
  • 최봉근 (건국대학교 보건환경과학과) ;
  • 엄현수 (건국대학교 보건환경과학과) ;
  • 박명환 (건국대학교 보건환경과학과) ;
  • 노혜란 (국립환경과학원 한강물환경연구소) ;
  • 심연보 (국립환경과학원 한강물환경연구소) ;
  • 신재기 (한국수자원공사 낙동강남부권관리단)
  • Hwang, Soon-Jin (Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University) ;
  • Kim, Keonhee (Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University) ;
  • Park, Chaehong (Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University) ;
  • Seo, Wanbum (Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University) ;
  • Choi, Bong-Geun (Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University) ;
  • Eum, Hyun Soo (Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University) ;
  • Park, Myung-Hwan (Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University) ;
  • Noh, Hye Ran (Han River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Sim, Yeon Bo (Han River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Shin, Jae-Ki (Office for Southern Region Management of the Nakdong River, Korea Water Resources Corporation (K-water))
  • 투고 : 2016.11.19
  • 심사 : 2016.12.20
  • 발행 : 2016.12.31

초록

본 연구는 2012년 5월부터 2015년 12월까지 북한강과 남한강의 유입부를 포함하는 팔당호의 5개 지점에서 시공간적 수질 변동성을 강우 수문학과 비교 고찰하였다. 조사기간 동안 기초 수질요인들의 변동은 계절적 영향이 컸다. 특히, 수온성층은 수심이 깊은 댐 부근에서 형성되었고, 연도에 따라 빈산소 장기화도 관찰되었다. 질소(N) 계열 영양염의 증가는 유량이 빈약할 때 나타났고, 이때 $NH_4$는 하수 처리수의 영향을 크게 받아 $NO_3$와 상반되는 경향을 나타내었다. 인(P)의 증가는 유량이 크거나 극심한 가뭄이 지속될 때이었고, P 영양염 결핍도 빈번하게 관찰되었다. Chl-a의 증감은 유량 변동과 역상관 관계를 보였고, 그 값이 높을 때 AGP 값은 낮았다. 팔당호의 수질 변동성은 유역으로부터 하수 처리수(총량: $472{\times}10^3m^3d^{-1}$)의 오염원을 기반으로 한 유입, 방류 및 취수의 패턴에서 직간접적 관련성과 그 영향을 찾을 수 있었다. 또한 수질의 시공간적 변동 과정에서 기상(장마, 태풍, 이상강우 및 폭염더위) 수문(유량과 수위)학적 인자는 펄스, 희석, 역류, 흡수, 농축 및 침전 등 형태로서 작용하였다. 하천형 저수지인 팔당호의 수질 변동은 매우 역동적이며, 국내 최대 상수원의 오염 수준을 경감하기 위한 실효 대책으로 기상 수문에 기초한 육수학적 조사연구와 P-free 하수 처리 정책 실현의 필요성을 제안한다.

This study explored spatiotemporal variability of water quality in correspondence with hydrometeorological factors in the five stations of Paldang Reservoir located in the Han River during 4 years from May 2012 to December 2015. Variability of basic water quality factors were largely related with seasonal fluctuations of hydrology. Temperature stratification occurred in the deep dam station, and prolonged hypoxia was observed during the draught year. Nitrogen nutrients were increased with decreasing inflow in which changing pattern of $NH_4$ reversed to $NO_3$ by the effect of treated wastewater effluent. Phosphorus increase was manifest during the period of high inflow or severe drought. Chl-a variation was reversely related with both flow change and AGP(algal growth potential) variations. Our study demonstrated that water quality variability in Paldang Reservoir was largely attributed to both natural and operational changes of inflow and outflow (including water intake) based on major pollution source of the treated wastewater (total amount of $472{\times}10^3m^3d^{-1}$) entering to the water system from watershed. In the process of water quality variability, meteorological (e.g., flood, typhoon, abnormal rainfall, scorching heat of summer) and hydrological factors (inflow and discharge) were likely to work dynamically with nutrients pulse, dilution, absorption, concentration and sedimentation. We underline comprehensive limnological study related to hydro-meteorolology to understand short- and long-term water quality variability in river-type large reservoir and suggest the necessity of P-free wastewater treatment for the effective measure of reducing pollution level of Paldang drinking water resource.

키워드

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