DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Chemical Components Composition on Different Parts of Fruit in Schisandra chinensis Baillon

오미자 열매 부위별 이화학적 특성

  • 이가순 (충남농업기술원 인삼약초연구소) ;
  • 이보희 (충남농업기술원 구기자시험장) ;
  • 성봉재 (충남농업기술원 인삼약초연구소) ;
  • 김선익 (충남농업기술원 인삼약초연구소) ;
  • 한승호 (충남농업기술원 인삼약초연구소) ;
  • 김관후 (충남농업기술원 인삼약초연구소) ;
  • 박샛별 (충남농업기술원 인삼약초연구소) ;
  • 김현호 (충남농업기술원 인삼약초연구소) ;
  • 최택용 (충남농업기술원 구기자시험장)
  • Received : 2016.02.17
  • Accepted : 2016.04.08
  • Published : 2016.06.30

Abstract

The effective components of Schisandra chinensis are lignans (schizandrins and gomisins), which have various physiological functionalities such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. This study was carried out to determine the different parts of fruits in Schisandra chinensis to elevate their usefulness. Schisandra chinensis was separated into skin (epicarp), pulp (mesocarp), and seeds, and raw Omija and hot-dried Omija (HDO) were used as control. The most abundant component was nitrogen free extract (6.88~56.70%) followed by crude lipids (1.65~19.04%). The main mineral was K (383.10~2,024.10 mg/100 g), except in seeds where P was the main mineral. The main lignan in all parts of fruit was schizandrin, and the highest content of schizandrin was 9.46 mg/g in dried seeds. Total lignan content was 25.97 mg/g and 14.97 mg/g in dried seeds and HDO, respectively. A total of 17 components of fatty acids in seeds and HDO were detected, of which linoleic acid (72.66~73.78%), oleic acid (14.78~17.39%), palmitic acid (2.88~3.54%), and capric acid (1.70~4.93%) were determined as the major components. Main lignans and fatty acids of Schisandra chinensis fruit contain mainly seeds. Therefore, it is more efficient to use seeds than pulp and extract of fruit itself to use the components of Omija.

오미자 열매를 과피, 과육 및 씨 등을 부위별로 분리한 후 일반성분을 분석한 결과 모든 부분에서 가용성 무질소물의 함량이 각각 20.72, 6.88 및 24.42%로 가장 많이 함유되어 있으며 열매에서 씨 부분이 차지하는 비율은 40% 이상이었다. 또한, 오미자의 유효성분인 schizandrin을 포함한 리그 난 화합물의 총량이 씨 부분에서 15.55 mg/g으로 가장 많이 함유되어 있고 schizandrin이 5.68 mg/g, gomisin N이 2.90 mg/g, gomisin A 1.55 mg/g, schizandrin C가 1.53 mg/g 함유되어 있었으며 열풍 건조한 오미자 열매 전과와 거의 비슷한 함량을 함유하고 있었다. 오미자의 유기산은 주로 과피 쪽에 있었으며 총유기산 함량은 12.99%를 함유하고 있었고 주된 유기산은 citric acid로 4.84%를 함유하고 있었다. 오미자의 지방 함량은 씨 부위 및 열풍 건조한 오미자 열매에서 각각 19.04%와 15.11%를 함유하고 있었고 지방을 구성하고 있는 주된 지방산은 linoleic acid로 각각 72.66%와 74.10%를 차지하고 있었으며, 그다음은 oleic acid로 각각 14.78%와 17.46%를 차지하고 있었다. 오미자의 주된 무기이온은 씨에서는 P로 725.35 mg/100 g을, 열풍 건조한 열매 전과에서는 K로 2,024.10 mg/100 g을 차지하고 있었다. 결론적으로 오미자를 활용하기 위해서는 리그 난 화합물이 많이 함유되어 있는 씨 부분을 충분히 활용할 수 있는 방법을 고려하여야 할 것으로 생각된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Kim MK, Lee JM, Do JS, Bang WS. 2015. Antioxidant activities and quality characteristics of omija (Schizandra chinesis Baillon) cookies. Food Sci Biotechnol 24: 931-937. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-015-0120-1
  2. Chang GT, Kang SK, Kim JH, Chung KH, Chang YC, Kim CH. 2005. Inhibitory effect of the Korean herbal medicine, Dae-Jo-Whan, on platelet activating factor-induced platelet aggregation. J Ethnopharmacol 102: 430-439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.07.003
  3. He XG, Lian LZ, Lin LZ. 1997. Analysis of lignan constituents from Schizandra chinensis by liquid chromatographyelectrospray mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 757: 81-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(96)00685-1
  4. Ikeya Y, Taguchi H, Mitsuhashi H, Takeda S, Kase Y, Aburada M. 1988. A lignan from Schizandra chinensis. Phytochemistry 27: 569-573. https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)83143-1
  5. Kim HW, Shin JH, Lee MK, Jang GH, Lee SH, Jang HH, Jeong ST, Kim JB. 2015. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans for the fruits of Korean "Omija" (Schisandra chinensis). Korean J Medicinal Crop Sci 23: 385-394. https://doi.org/10.7783/KJMCS.2015.23.5.385
  6. Lee YM, Lee KS, Kim DK. 2009. Aqueous extract of Schizandra chinensis suppresses dextran sulfate sodium-induced generation of IL-8 and ROS in the colonic epithelial cell line HT-29. Nat Prod Sci 15: 185-191.
  7. Park JH, Kim JH, Kim DH, Mun HC, Lee HJ, Seo SM, Paik KH, Ryu LH, Park JI, Lee HY. 2004. Comparison of immuno-stimulatory activities by purification process of Schizandra chinensis Baillon fruits. Korean J Medicinal Crop Sci 12: 141-148.
  8. Chae HJ, Hwang HI, Lee IS, Moon HY. 2005. Comparison of on rat intestinal digestive enzyme inhibitory activity and antioxidant enzyme activity of Korean and Chinese Schizandra chinensis. J Exp Biomed Sci 11: 517-523.
  9. Heo JH, Park JG, Cheon HJ, Kim YS, Kang SS, Hung TM, Bae KH, Lee SM. 2006. Hepatoprotective activities of gomisin A and gomisin N. Kor J Pharmacogn 37: 294-301.
  10. Kang MG, Kim YH, Im AR, Nam BS, Chae SW, Lee MY. 2014. Antidepressant-like effects of Schisandra chinensis Baillon water extract on animal model induced by chronic mild stress. Korean J Medicinal Crop Sci 22: 196-202. https://doi.org/10.7783/KJMCS.2014.22.3.196
  11. Park SY, Choung SY. 1998. Inhibitory effect of schizandrin on nephrotoxicity of cisplatin. Kor J Environ Toxicol 13: 125-131.
  12. Oh SY, Kim YH, Bae DS, Um BH, Pan CH, Kim CY, Lee HJ, Lee JK. 2010. Anti-inflammatory effects of gomisin N, gomisin J, and schisandrin C isolated from the fruit of Schisandra chinensis. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 74: 285-291. https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.90597
  13. Guo LY, Hung TM, Bae KH, Shin EM, Zhou HY, Hong YN, Kang SS, Kim HP, Kim YS. 2008. Anti-inflammatory effects of schisandrin isolated from the fruit of Schisandra chinensis Baill. Eur J Pharmacol 591: 293-299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.06.074
  14. Kim MG, Lee CH, Lee HS. 2010. Anti-platelet aggregation activity of lignans isolated from Schisandra chinensis fruits. J Korean Soc Appl Biol Chem 53: 740-745. https://doi.org/10.3839/jksabc.2010.112
  15. Gu BH, Minh NV, Lee SH, Lim SW, Lee YM, Lee KS, Kim DK. 2010. Deoxyschisandrin inhibits $H_2O_2$-induced apoptotic cell death in intestinal epithelial cells through nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$. Int J Mol Med 26: 401-406.
  16. Kwon DY, Kim DS, Yang HJ, Park S. 2011. The lignanrich fractions of Fructus Schisandrae improve insulin sensitivity via the PPAR-${\gamma}$ pathways in in vitro and in vivo studies. J Ethnopharmacol 135: 455-462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2011.03.037
  17. Choi SR, Kim CS, Kim JY, You DH, Kim JM, Kim YS, Song EJ, Kim YG, Ahn YS, Choi DG. 2011. Changes of antioxidant activity and lignan contents in Schisandra chinensis by harvesting times. Korean J Medicinal Crop Sci 19: 414-420. https://doi.org/10.7783/KJMCS.2011.19.6.414
  18. Kim KS, Park CG, Bang JK. 2003. Varietal and yearly differences of lignan contents in fruits of collected lines of Schizandra chinensis Baillon. Korean J Medicinal Crop Sci 11: 71-75.
  19. Kim KS, Park CG, Ryu SN, Bang JK, Lee BH. 2000. Schizandrin, oil compounds, and their extraction yield in fruits of Schizandra chinensis Baillon. Korean J Crop Sci 45: 158-162.
  20. Ryu IH, Kwon TO. 2012. The antioxidative effect and ingredients of oil extracted from Schizandra chinensis seed. Korean J Medicinal Crop Sci 20: 63-71. https://doi.org/10.7783/KJMCS.2012.20.1.063
  21. Choi YH. 2015. Apoptotic cell death of human leukemia U937 cells by essential oil purified from Schisandrae semen. J Life Sci 25: 249-255. https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2015.25.2.249
  22. Suh WS, Park SY, Min BS, Kim SH, Song JH, Shim SH. 2014. The antiproliferative effects of compounds isolated from Schisandra chinensis. Korean J Food Sci Technol 46: 665-670. https://doi.org/10.9721/KJFST.2014.46.6.665
  23. AOAC. 1995. Official methods of analysis. 16th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC, USA. p 69-74.
  24. Kim Y, Ha N, Han SH, Jeon JY, Hwang M, Im YJ, Lee SY, Chae SW, Kim MG. 2013. Confirmation of schizandrin as a marker compound in Jangsu Omija powder. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 42: 244-248. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2013.42.2.244
  25. RDA. 2011. Food Composition Table 8th Revision. National Rural Living Science Institute, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Korea. Vol II, p 94-117.
  26. Kim KI, Nam JH, Kwon TW. 1973. On the proximate composition, organic acids and anthocyanins of Omija, Schizandra chinensis Baillon. Korean J Food Sci Technol 5: 178-182.
  27. Lee JH, Lee YK, Park YH, Cho JY, Lee KS. 2009. Analysis of malic acid and citric acid in Schizandra chinensis Baillon. Abstract No II-15 presented at Symposium and Spring Meeting of the Korean Society of Medicinal Crop Science. Chungbuk, Korea. p 233-234.
  28. Yoon MS, Kim DY, Yu HJ, Park JH, Jang SH, Won KJ, Kim B, Lee HM. 2012. Antitumor effect of schizandrin by inhibitingangiogenesis. Korean J Orient Physiol Pathol 26: 687-692.
  29. Jeong HJ, Han NR, Kim KY, Choi IS, Kim HM. 2014. Gomisin A decreases the LPS-induced expression of iNOS and COX-2 and activation of RIP2/NF-${\kappa}B$ in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 36: 195-201. https://doi.org/10.3109/08923973.2014.909848

Cited by

  1. Evaluation of Lignan Compound Content and Bioactivity of Raw Omija and Sugared Omija in Serum of Sprague Dawley Rat vol.8, pp.9, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3390/foods8090373
  2. Quality Characteristics and Antioxidant Activity of Yogurt Containing Raw Omija and Sugared Omija during Storage vol.2020, pp.None, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/1274591
  3. Dibenzocyclooctadiene Lignans in Plant Parts and Fermented Beverages of Schisandra chinensis vol.10, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020361