Food Science and Preservation (한국식품저장유통학회지)

The Korean Society of Food Preservation (한국식품저장유통학회)
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Changes in the physicochemical quality, functional properties, and actinidin content of kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) during postharvest storage

후숙시기 동안 참다래의 품질, 기능성 및 액티니딘 함량 변화 조사

  • Nam, Seung-Hee (Department of Food Science and Technology and Functional Food Research Center, Chonnam National University)
  • 남승희 (전남대학교 식품공학과, 기능성연구센터)
  • Received : 2016.02.22
  • Accepted : 2016.04.04
  • Published : 2016.06.30
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Abstract

Kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis, Hayward) was stored at $25^{\circ}C$ for 0~30 days and investigated to find out the optimum storage time to obtain the best physical and functional properties for consumers' preference. Kiwifruits was stored at different time period (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 days) for investigating their physiochemical quality, nutritional components, and functional characteristics. Kiwifruits stored for 20~30 days showed the best physiochemical quality such as higher total acidity and proper firmness. They were also more enriched with dietary fibers, free sugar, and organic acid, although no significant changes were observed in crude protein, crude fat, and moisture content. For functional properties, kiwifruits stored for 20 days showed significantly higher contents of total phenolics, flavonoids, and actinidin. In addition, it showed stronger antioxidant activity, whitening effect, and proteolytic activity when compared with other samples. SDS-PAGE analysis showed the presence of actinidin enzyme in kiwifruits. These results indicated that the kiwifruits stored for 15~20 days possessed excellent quality and high concentrations of nutritional and functional compounds, which could be best for both fresh consumption and product processing.

상온($20{\sim}25^{\circ}C$)에서 후숙(0일~30일)된 참다래의 품질 및 영양성분 함량분석을 수행하였고 최적 후숙 기간을 구명하기 위해 항산화활성, 단백질 분해능과 관능평가를 수행하였다. 기간별 후숙된 참다래의 품질은 경도와 산도가 20일 이후부터 급격히 감소되는 경향을 보였고 식이섬유, 특히 수용성 식이섬유는 20일 이후에 함량이 크게 증가 하였으며 유리당과 유기산 함량도 대체적으로 20일 이후에 뛰게 각 증가와 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 총페놀과 총플라보노이드 함량은 20일 이후에 함량이 유의하게 높았고 아질산염 소거능도 이와 유사하게 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 또한 DPPH radical 소거능을 통한 항산화 효과와 tyrosinase 억제능을 이용한 미백효과는 기간이 길어질수록 감소하였는데 이는 비타민 C 함량 패턴과 유사하였다. 참다래에 함유된 단백질 분해효소 actinidin을 SDS-PAGE 분석을 통해 확인하였고 함량과 이의 효능을 조사한 결과 후숙 기간이 경과됨에 따라 actinidin의 함량과 단백질 분해능도 점차 증가하였으며 15~20일 이후에 급격히 높아지는 것을 확인하였다. 후숙 기간별 참다래의 관능평가도 수행 하였는데, 20일 째가 선호도가 가장 높았으며 흥미롭게도 30일 째에는 오히려 선호도가 떨어지는 경향을 보였다. 현재까지 저온 저장된 참다래의 상온 보관시 최적 후숙 기간에 관한 연구는 미흡한 실정으로 본 연구 결과는 소비자에게 저장 보관된 참다래의 소비 및 섭취에 있어서 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다.

Keywords

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