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Estimating the freezing and supercooling points of Korean agricultural products from experimental and quality characteristics

국내산 농산물의 과냉각 및 동결점 분석

  • Park, Jong Woo (Division of Postharvest Engineering, National Institute of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Kim, Jinse (Division of Postharvest Engineering, National Institute of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Park, Seok Ho (Division of Postharvest Engineering, National Institute of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Choi, Dong Soo (Division of Postharvest Engineering, National Institute of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Choi, Seung Ryul (Division of Postharvest Engineering, National Institute of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Kim, Yong Hoon (Division of Postharvest Engineering, National Institute of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Lee, Soo Jang (Division of Postharvest Engineering, National Institute of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Park, Chun Wan (Division of Postharvest Engineering, National Institute of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Han, Gui Jeung (Division of Agro-Food Utilization, National Institute of Agricultural Science, RDA)
  • 박종우 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 수확후관리공학과) ;
  • 김진세 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 수확후관리공학과) ;
  • 박석호 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 수확후관리공학과) ;
  • 최동수 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 수확후관리공학과) ;
  • 최승렬 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 수확후관리공학과) ;
  • 김용훈 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 수확후관리공학과) ;
  • 이수장 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 수확후관리공학과) ;
  • 박천완 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 수확후관리공학과) ;
  • 한귀정 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 가공이용과)
  • Received : 2016.05.12
  • Accepted : 2016.06.09
  • Published : 2016.06.30

Abstract

This study was performed to determine the optimal freezing point for the reliable cold storage of Korean agricultural products, and to provide basic data for determining the storage temperature based on the quality characteristics. Additional supercooling temperature analysis was conducted to explore the possibility of supercooling storage. To determine the effects of quality characteristics on the freezing point, the hardness, acidity, moisture and sugar content were analyzed. The crops were frozen using customized cooling unit and their freezing and supercooling points were determined based on their heat release points. The freezing temperatures of garlic, leek, cucumber, hot pepper, grape, oriental melon, netted melon, peach, cherry tomato, plum, daikon, sweet persimmon, apple, sweet potato, mandarin, pear, and strawberry were -1.6, -0.5, -0.5, -0.7, -1.6, -1.6, -1.3, -0.8, -0.3, -1.1, -0.3, -1.7, -1.5, -1.5, -0.8, -1.5, and -$0.9^{\circ}C$, respectively; otherwise, supercooling points were -7.8, -3.7, -3.3, -4.9, -5.7, -4.6, -2.8, -3.3, -5.9, -4.2, -0.8, -4.7, -3.2, -3.7, -4.7, -4.2, and -$3.4^{\circ}C$, respectively. These results suggest that the ideal freezing temperature of crops could be estimated through freezing point depression because of their sugar content, and this technique should be used to maintain an optimum storage temperature. However, cold storage is complicated and further study is required because of the effects of long-term cold storage on the crops.

본 연구는 국내산 농산물의 안정적인 저온저장온도 결정을 위하여 동결점을 분석하고 품질에 따른 저장온도 설정에 대한 기초자료를 제공하고 과냉각 한계점 측정을 통하여 과냉각 저장 가능성을 모색하고자 수행되었다. 동결점 및 과냉각 한계온도를 분석하기 위하여 국내산 마늘, 오이, 대파, 고추, 참외, 메론, 복숭아, 자두 등의 국내산 농산물을 자체 제작한 송풍식 냉동기를 이용하여 완만 냉각시키면서 농산물 내부에 삽입된 온도센서를 이용하여 열방출을 측정하였다. 또한 일반 품질특성 인자들이 각 농산물 동결점에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위하여 당도, 산도, 함수율 및 경도를 측정하였다. 열방출 최고점을 기준으로 판단한 농산물의(동결점/과냉각 한계점)은 마늘(-1.6/-$7.8^{\circ}C$), 대파(-0.5/-$3.7^{\circ}C$), 오이(-0.5/$3.3^{\circ}C$), 풋고추(-0.7/-$4.9^{\circ}C$), 포도(-1.6/-$5.7^{\circ}C$), 참외(-1.6/-$4.6^{\circ}C$), 메론(-1.3/-$2.8^{\circ}C$), 복숭아(-0.8/-$3.3^{\circ}C$), 방울토마토(-0.3/-$5.9^{\circ}C$), 자두(-1.1/-$4.2^{\circ}C$), 무(-0.3/-$0.8^{\circ}C$), 단감(-1.7/-$4.7^{\circ}C$), 사과(-1.5/-$3.2^{\circ}C$), 고구마(-1.5/-$3.7^{\circ}C$), 감귤(-0.8/-$4.7^{\circ}C$), 배(-1.5/-$4.2^{\circ}C$), 딸기(-0.9/-$3.4^{\circ}C$)이었다. 이러한 동결점은 각 농산물의 이화학적 특성분석에 비추어 볼 때 당 성분에 따른 동결점 내림 경향과 일치하여 당도분석을 통한 저장온도 설정 가능성을 제시하였다.

Keywords

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  1. Influential Factors on Supercooling of Nineteen Fruits and Vegetables vol.22, pp.4, 2018, https://doi.org/10.13050/foodengprog.2018.22.4.321