Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health

The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine (대한예방의학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Food Security in Households of People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: A Cross-sectional Study in a Subdivision of Darjeeling District, West Bengal

  • Received : 2016.02.24
  • Accepted : 2016.07.19
  • Published : 2016.07.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objectives: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) adversely impacts food security in households of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Little research has focused on food insecurity among PLWHA in India. The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of and factors relating to food security in households of PLWHA in the Siliguri subdivision of Darjeeling, West Bengal, India. Methods: A cross-sectional community-based study was carried out among 173 PLWHA residing in Siliguri and registered at the Anti-retroviral Therapy Centre of North Bengal Medical College & Hospital. Data was collected at the household level with interviews of PLWHA using a food security survey instrument. We analyzed the associations using logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of household food security among the participants was 50.9% (88/173). Five years or more of schooling, higher socioeconomic class and males were found to be significantly associated with a higher likelihood of food security. A later stage of the disease and the presence of other family members with HIV/AIDS were significantly associated with a lower likelihood of food security. The major coping strategies to deal with food insecurity in the acute phase HIV infection included borrowing money (56.1%), followed by spousal support, loans from microfinance institutions, banks, or money lenders, borrowing food, or selling agricultural products. Conclusions: The present study revealed that only about half of households with PLWHA were food secure. Prior interventions relating to periods of food and economic crisis as well as strategies for sustaining food security and economic status are needed in this area.

Keywords

References

  1. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. World foods summit: Rome declaration on world food security [cited 2016 Jul 28]. Available from: http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/w3613e/w3613e00.HTM.
  2. World Health Organization. HIV/AIDS: data and statistics [cited 2016 Jul 28]. Available from: http://www.who.int/hiv/data/en/.
  3. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. HIV/AIDS, food security and nutrition [cited 2016 feb 23]. Available from: http://www.fao.org/ag/agn/nutrition/household_hivaids_en.stm.
  4. International Labour Office. Action against HIV/AIDS in Africa: an initiative in the context of the world of work. Geneva: International Labour Office 1999; p. 2-8.
  5. Masuku MB, Sithole MM. The impact of HIV/AIDS on food security and household vulnerability in Swaziland. Agrekon 2009;48(2):200-222. https://doi.org/10.1080/03031853.2009.9523824
  6. Parker DC, Jacobsen KH, Komwa MK. A qualitative study of the impact of HIV/AIDS on agricultural households in Southeastern Uganda. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2009;6(8): 2113-2138. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph6082113
  7. Alemu A, Bezabih T. The impacts of HIV/AIDS on livelihoods and food security in rural Ethiopia: results from household survey in four regions; 2008 [cited 2016 Feb 23]. Available from: http://documents.wfp.org/stellent/groups/public/documents/ena/wfp221565.pdf.
  8. Heylen E, Panicker ST, Chandy S, Steward WT, Ekstrand ML. Food insecurity and its relation to psychological well-being among South Indian people living with HIV. AIDS Behav 2015;19(8):1548-1558. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-014-0966-x
  9. van Elsland SL, van der Hoeven M, Joshi S, Doak CM, Ponce MC. Pressure cooker ownership and food security in Aurangabad, India. Public Health Nutr 2012;15(5):818-826. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980011002461
  10. Department of AIDS Control, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India. State fact sheets; 2014 [cited 2016 Feb 23]. Available from: http://naco.gov.in/upload/2014%20mslns/State%20Fact%20Sheet%202013-14.pdf.
  11. Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India. Primary census abstract; 2011 [cited 2016 Feb 23]. Available from: http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/hlo/pca/pca_data.html.
  12. Lwanga LK, Lemeshow S; World Health Organization. Sample size determination in health studies: a practical manual; 1991 [cited 2016 Feb 23]. Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/40062.
  13. Freedom from Hunger. Measuring food security at Freedom from Hunger [cited 2016 Feb 23]. Available from: http://www.seepnetwork.org/filebin/pdf/step_up/53803861-FFH-Food-Security-description.pdf.
  14. Mangal A, Kumar V, Panesar S, Talwar R, Raut D, Singh S. Updated BG Prasad socioeconomic classification, 2014: a commentary. Indian J Public Health 2015;59(1):42-44. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-557X.152859
  15. Sharma R. Revision of Prasad’s social classification and provision of an online tool for real-time updating. South Asian J Cancer 2013;2(3):157. https://doi.org/10.4103/2278-330X.114142
  16. World Health Organization. Antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection in adults and adolescents: recommendations for a public health approach. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2010, p. 73-80.
  17. Dev SM, Sharma AN. Food security in India: performance, challenges and policies; 2010 [cited 2016 Feb 23]. Available from: http://re.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/food%20security%20in%20india.pdf.
  18. Mamlin J, Kimaiyo S, Lewis S, Tadayo H, Jerop FK, Gichunge C, et al. Integrating nutrition support for food-insecure patients and their dependents into an HIV care and treatment program in Western Kenya. Am J Public Health 2009;99(2):215-221. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2008.137174
  19. Normen L, Chan K, Braitstein P, Anema A, Bondy G, Montaner JS, et al. Food insecurity and hunger are prevalent among HIV-positive individuals in British Columbia, Canada. J Nutr 2005;135(4):820-825. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/135.4.820
  20. Mtika MM. The AIDS epidemic in Malawi and its threat to household food security. Hum Organ 2001;60(2):178-188. https://doi.org/10.17730/humo.60.2.cnlpmfrrg8hay9xh
  21. Weiser SD, Bangsberg DR, Kegeles S, Ragland K, Kushel MB, Frongillo EA. Food insecurity among homeless and marginally housed individuals living with HIV/AIDS in San Francisco. AIDS Behav 2009;13(5):841-848. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-009-9597-z
  22. Muiruri, Wangui MG. Effects of HIV/AIDS on household food security: a study conducted in Mukuyu Division, Murang'a South District, Kenya [cited 2016 Feb 23]. Available from: http://ir-library.ku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/7274.
  23. Weiser SD, Leiter K, Bangsberg DR, Butler LM, Percy-de Korte F, Hlanze Z, et al. Food insufficiency is associated with high-risk sexual behavior among women in Botswana and Swaziland. PLoS Med 2007;4(10):1589-1597.
  24. Tsai AC, Bangsberg DR, Emenyonu N, Senkungu JK, Martin JN, Weiser SD. The social context of food insecurity among persons living with HIV/AIDS in rural Uganda. Soc Sci Med 2011; 73(12):1717-1724. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.09.026
  25. Bukusuba J, Kikafunda JK, Whitehead RG. Food security status in households of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in a Ugandan urban setting. Br J Nutr 2007;98(1):211-217. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114507691806
  26. Vigneshwaran E, Padmanabhareddy Y, Devanna N, Alvarez-Uria G. Gender differences in health related quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. N Am J Med Sci 2013;5(2):102-107. https://doi.org/10.4103/1947-2714.107526
  27. Mahalakshmy T, Premarajan K, Hamide A. Quality of life and its determinants in people living with human immunodeficiency virus infection in puducherry, India. Indian J Community Med 2011;36(3):203-207. https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-0218.86521
  28. Agarwal S, Sethi V, Gupta P, Jha M, Agnihotri A, Nord M. experiential household food insecurity in an urban underserved slum of North India. Food Sec 2009;1(3):239-250. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-009-0034-y
  29. Nnakwe N, Yegammia C. Prevalence of food insecurity among households with children in Coimbatore, India. Nutr Res 2002; 22(9):1009-1016. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0271-5317(02)00419-0
  30. Furness BW, Simon PA, Wold CM, Asarian-Anderson J. Prevalence and predictors of food insecurity among low-income households in Los Angeles County. Public Health Nutr 2004; 7(6):791-794. https://doi.org/10.1079/PHN2004608
  31. Anema A, Weiser SD, Fernandes KA, Ding E, Brandson EK, Palmer A, et al. High prevalence of food insecurity among HIV-infected individuals receiving HAART in a resource-rich setting. AIDS Care 2011;23(2):221-230. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2010.498908
  32. Mocroft A, Kirk O, Barton SE, Dietrich M, Proenca R, Colebunders R, et al. Anaemia is an independent predictive marker for clinical prognosis in HIV-infected patients from across Europe. EuroSIDA study group. AIDS 1999;13(8):943-950. https://doi.org/10.1097/00002030-199905280-00010
  33. Paton NI, Sangeetha S, Earnest A, Bellamy R. The impact of malnutrition on survival and the CD4 count response in HIV-infected patients starting antiretroviral therapy. HIV Med 2006;7(5):323-330. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-1293.2006.00383.x
  34. Piot P, Andersen P. AIDS: the new challenge to food security. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute; 2002, p. 5-6.
  35. Coon K, Ogden J, Odolon J, Obudi-Owor A, Otim C, Byakigga J, et al. Transcending boundaries to improve the food security of HIV-affected households in rural Uganda: a case study; 2007 [cited 2016 Jul 17]. Available from: http://www.icrw.org/sites/default/files/publications/Transcending-Boundaries-to-Improve-the-Food-Security-of-HIV-affected-Households-in-Rural-Uganda-A-Case-Study.pdf.
  36. Gillespie S, Kadiyala S. HIV/AIDS food and nutrition security: from evidence to action; 2005 [cited 2016 Jul 17]. Available from: file:///C:/Users/user/Downloads/hiv_aids_and_food_and_nutrition_security.pdf. and Nutrition Security.

Cited by

  1. The effect of gender on food insecurity among HIV-infected people receiving anti-retroviral therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis vol.14, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209903
  2. Elevated highly sensitive C-reactive protein and D-dimer levels are associated with food insecurity among people living with HIV in Pune, India vol.22, pp.11, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1017/s136898001900020x
  3. Added socioeconomic burden of non-communicable disease on HIV/AIDS affected households in the Asia Pacific region: A systematic review vol.9, pp.None, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanwpc.2021.100111
  4. High magnitude of food insecurity and malnutrition among people living with HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia: A call for integration of food and nutrition security with HIV treatment and care Programme vol.27, pp.2, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1177/0260106020971855
  5. Food insecurity status and associated factors among rural households in the north of Iran vol.27, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1177/0260106021996840