Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회지)

The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회)
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Estimated Daily Intake of Aluminum from Platycodon grandiflorum A. De Candolle

도라지(Platycodon grandiflorum A. De Candolle) 섭취에 따른 알루미늄의 노출량 평가

  • Kim, Sung-Dan (Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment) ;
  • Ham, Hee-Jin (Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment) ;
  • Jung, Ji-Hun (Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment) ;
  • Lee, Eun-Soon (Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment) ;
  • Lee, Hyun-Kyung (Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment) ;
  • Kim, Hee-Sun (Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment) ;
  • Lee, Jib-Ho (Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment) ;
  • Yu, In-Sil (Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment) ;
  • Jung, Kweon (Seoul Metropolitan Government Research Institute of Public Health and Environment)
  • 김성단 (서울시보건환경연구원) ;
  • 함희진 (서울시보건환경연구원) ;
  • 정지헌 (서울시보건환경연구원) ;
  • 이은순 (서울시보건환경연구원) ;
  • 이현경 (서울시보건환경연구원) ;
  • 김희선 (서울시보건환경연구원) ;
  • 이집호 (서울시보건환경연구원) ;
  • 유인실 (서울시보건환경연구원) ;
  • 정권 (서울시보건환경연구원)
  • Received : 2016.03.25
  • Accepted : 2016.07.13
  • Published : 2016.08.31
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Abstract

This study was performed to estimate daily intakes of aluminum from Platycodon grandiflorum A. De Candolle and evaluate their potential health risks for Koreans. Estimated daily intake of aluminum was calculated, whereas the actual level of aluminum in Platycodon grandiflorum A. De Candolle was analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Food consumption amount was drawn from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VI-1). In analysed samples, aluminum values ranged from 0.54~564.38 mg/kg in peeled Platycodon grandiflorum A. De Candolle samples (n=53) and from 0.72~28.05 mg/kg in unpeeled ones (n=40). Statistically significant difference (P<0.001) was detected according to the type of skin. To estimate the dietary intake of Platycodon grandiflorum A. De Candolle, a total of 7,242 respondents (scenario I) were compared to 227 Platycodon grandiflorum A. De Candolle consumption subjects (scenario II). Estimated daily intake of aluminum was calculated based on point estimates. Level of safety for aluminum was evaluated by comparison with Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI), 1 mg/kg bw, set by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. For scenario I, mean estimated daily intake of aluminum was 0.001 mg/kg bw/d. For scenario II, mean estimated daily intake of aluminum was 0.033 mg/kg bw/d, and 95th percentile estimated daily intake was 0.610 mg/kg bw/d. For scenario II, aluminum from Platycodon grandiflorum A. De Candolle had a mean weekly intake that was the 23.1% of PTWI.

2014~2015년 서울시내 대형마트, 소형마트 및 재래시장 등에서 유통 중인 천연 및 단순가공 도라지 총 93건(깐도라지 53건, 피도라지 40건)의 알루미늄 잔류량을 분석한 결과 평균 및 95th percentile 알루미늄 잔류량은 72.989(0.54~564.38) mg/kg 및 471.32 mg/kg이었다. 깐도라지 53건의 평균 및 95th percentile 알루미늄 잔류량은 121.235(0.54~564.38) mg/kg 및 545.622 mg/kg이었으며, 피도라지 40건의 평균 및 95th percentile 알루미늄 잔류량은 9.063(0.72~28.05) mg/kg 및 26.379 mg/kg이었다. 단순가공 깐도라지의 평균 알루미늄 잔류량은 천연 상태 피도라지에 비해 13.4배 높은 수준으로 유의적인 차이가 있었다(P<0.001). 도라지의 알루미늄 분석값과 제6기 1차 연도(2013년)의 국민건강영양조사 중 영양조사(조사1일 전 식품섭취내용, 24시간 회상법)의 도라지 섭취량 평균값, 최소값, 최대값 및 95th percentile 값을 이용하여 단일값 분석을 실시하여 추정식이섭취량(estimated daily intake, EDI)을 산출한 결과 영양조사 대상자 전체(시나리오I)의 도라지 섭취를 통한 평균 알루미늄 EDI는 0.001(~1.363) mg/kg bw/d 였으며, 섭취자군(시나리오II)의 평균 및 95th percentile EDI는 각각 0.033(0.000~1.309) 및 0.610 mg/kg bw/d였다. 도라지 섭취량을 연중 일상섭취량으로 가정하여 추정주간식이섭취량(estimated weekly intake, EWI)을 산출하여 잠정주간섭취허용량(provisional tolerable weekly intake, PTWI)과 비교하여 평가한 결과 섭취자군(시나리오II)의 평균 추정주간식이섭취량은 0.231 mg/kg bw/week(23.1% PTWI)였다.

Keywords

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