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A Study on Seasonal Pollutant Distribution Characteristics of Contaminated Tributaries in Nakdong River Basin

낙동강 중점관리지류·지천의 계절적 오염발생특성 분석

  • Na, Seungmin (Nakdong River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Kwon, Heongak (Nakdong River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Shin, Sang Min (Nakdong River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Son, YoungGyu (Department of Environmental Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology) ;
  • Shin, Dongseok (Nakdong River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Im, Tae Hyo (Nakdong River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research)
  • 나승민 (국립환경과학원, 낙동강물환경연구소) ;
  • 권헌각 (국립환경과학원, 낙동강물환경연구소) ;
  • 신상민 (국립환경과학원, 낙동강물환경연구소) ;
  • 손영규 (금오공과대학교 환경공학과) ;
  • 신동석 (국립환경과학원, 낙동강물환경연구소) ;
  • 임태효 (국립환경과학원, 낙동강물환경연구소)
  • Received : 2016.07.08
  • Accepted : 2016.08.29
  • Published : 2016.08.31

Abstract

This study has performed comparative analysis on characteristics of contaminated 35 tributaries on seasonal variation/point discharge load/pollutant distribution of water quality factors(8) in order to understand the effect of the watershed in Nakdong River Basin. As a results, the water quality of $BOD_5$(Biochemical Oxygen Demand), Chl-a(Chlorophyll a) and Fecal E. Coli shows II grade at tributaries of more than 50% without COD(Chemical Oxygen Demand), TP(Total Phosphate), TOC(Total Oxygen Carbon) and TN(Total Nitrogen) factors. The specific discharge(Q) were occupied about 54.4% (19 sites) as $0.05m^3/sec/km^2$ value. Among these results, the contaminant level of Dalseocheon, Hyeonjicheon, Seokkyocheon 1, Uriyeongcheon and Dasancheon was also high, which has to consider a discharged pollutant load(kg/day). The 35 major tributaries of Nakdong River were included in 7 mid-watershed, such as Nakdong Waegwan, Geumho River, Nakdong Goryung, Nakdong Changnyung, Nam River, Nakdong Milyang, Nakdong River Hagueon. Especially, the discharged pollutant load of Nam River and Geumho River also was high according to the amount of discharge such as Kachang dam, Gongsan dam and Nam river dam. Seasonal difference of the water quality factors such as $BOD_5$, TN, SS and Q was observed largely, on the other hand the TP and Chl-a was not. This is guessed due to the precipitation effect of site, biological and physicochemical degradation properties of pollutant and etc. The co-relationship between the seasonal difference and water quality factors was observed using a Pearson correlation coefficients. Besides, the Multiple Regression analysis using a Stepwise Regression method was conducted to understand the effect between seasonal difference and water quality factors/regression equations. As a result, the Multiple Regression analysis was adapted in the spring, summer and autumn without the winter, which was observed high at spring, summer and autumn in the order COD/TP, Chl-a/TOC, TOC/COD/$BOD_5$ water quality factors, respectively.

본 연구는 낙동강수계 중점관리하천인 35개 지류 지천 수질 및 유량을 모니터링하고 수질오염농도, 발생부하량, 계절별 오염특성과 수질항목 간 상관관계 및 다중회귀분석을 실시하여 지류중심의 오염특성을 확인하였다. 그 결과 COD, TP, TOC 및 TN을 제외한 대부분의 하천에서 $BOD_5$, Chl_a 및 Fecal E. Coli 등은 50% 이상이 하천수질항목 II(약간좋음)등급 이하에 속하였다. 비유량(Q)은 $0.05m^3/s/km^2$ 이상 지점이 54.4%(19지점)를 차지하였고, 이 가운데 달서천, 현지천, 석교천1, 의령천1 및 대산천2 지점 등은 오염농도 역시 높아 오염물질부하량을 고려한 상세조사가 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 35개 중점관리지천은 낙동왜관, 금호강, 낙동고령, 낙동창녕, 남강, 낙동밀양 및 낙동강하구언 등 7개 중권역에 속하였으며, 이 가운데 금호강과 남강 중권역은 영천댐, 가창댐, 공산댐 및 남강댐과 같은 인공댐의 영향을 받아 다른 중권역과 달리 일정한 하천 유지유량을 보임으로써 오염물질부하량도 높게 조사되었다. 계절적 오염특성을 살펴볼 때, 농도편차가 큰 수질항목은 $BOD_5$, TN, SS, 비유량(Q)이, 큰 편차가 없는 항목은 TP와 Chl_a가 관찰되었고 이는 강우특성 및 유 무기물의 분해특성이 다르기 때문으로 판단된다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 계절별/수질항목 간 상관관계는 피어슨 상관계수(Pearson correlation coefficient)를 이용하여 분석하였고, 일부 항목을 제외한 모든 계절에서 TOC와 COD의 상관성이 높음을 확인하였다. 계절별 상관관계가 높은($R2{\geq}0.5$) 수질항목들이 $BOD_5$에 미치는 영향력을 알아보기 위해 단계선택방법(Stepwise regression method)을 이용한 다중회귀분석(Multiple regression analysis)을 실시함으로써 계절별 영향력이 높은 수질인자 및 회귀식을 제시하였다. 그 결과 겨울철을 제외한 봄, 여름 및 가을에 다중회귀분석이 적합하였고 봄철에는 COD, TP가, 여름철에는 Chl_a, TOC가 가을철에는 TOC 및 COD가 $BOD_5$에 영향력이 높음을 확인하였다.

Keywords

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