The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY (한국해양학회지:바다)

The Korean Society of Oceanography (한국해양학회)
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Recovery Pattern and Seasonal Dynamics of Kelp Species, Ecklonia cava Population Formed Following the Large-scale Disturbance

대규모 교란현상 후 형성된 대형갈조류 감태(Ecklonia cava) 개체군의 계절적 변동 및 회복 양상

  • KIM, SANGIL (Estuarine & Coastal Ecology Laboratory, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University) ;
  • KANG, YUN HEE (Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, Jeju National University) ;
  • KIM, TAE-HOON (Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, Jeju National University) ;
  • PARK, SANG RUL (Estuarine & Coastal Ecology Laboratory, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University)
  • 김상일 (제주대학교 해양생명과학과) ;
  • 강윤희 (제주대학교 지구해양과학과) ;
  • 김태훈 (제주대학교 지구해양과학과) ;
  • 박상률 (제주대학교 해양생명과학과)
  • Received : 2015.10.30
  • Accepted : 2016.06.20
  • Published : 2016.08.31
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Abstract

Seasonal dynamics of kelp forest-forming algae, Ecklonia cava population formed following the large-scale disturbance by Typhoon 'Bolaven' in August 2012 were investigated in Jeju Island, Korea. Morphological characteristics, recruits density, mortality rate, total density and biomass were monitored bimonthly from June 2013 to June 2015. Total and longest blade lengths, and individual weight of E. cava showed distinct seasonal trends. Stipe length increased from winter to spring, but did not show increase or reduced from summer to autumn. This indicates that morphological characteristics of E. cava are mainly affected by the change of blades. The optimal temperature for E. cava growth was about $15-18^{\circ}C$ during winter to spring while the growths were inhibited at the water temperature above $20^{\circ}C$ during summer. E. cava exhibited very low recruitment during spring-summer. However, high recruitment was observed on April 2015 when canopy cover was very low due to low density. This indicates that recruitment of E. cava was controlled not by seasonal effects but by physical factors such as canopy and space. The mortality rate of juvenile plants was highest due to their unstable settlement. By June 2015, 34 months after the disturbances, E. cava was almost recovered to the pre-disturbance population size structure. These results suggest that recovery of kelp forest following the large-scale disturbance requires a considerable period of time (more than three years). This study should provide valuable ecological information on management, restoration and protection of kelp species.

대규모 교란현상 이후 형성된 대형갈조류 감태 개체군의 계절적 변동과 회복양상을 이해하기 위해서 감태의 형태학적 특성, 가입, 사망률, 밀도와 생물량을 2013년 6월부터 2015년 6월까지 조사하였다. 감태의 전체 길이, 가장 긴 측엽의 길이와 개체당 무게는 뚜렷한 계절적 경향성을 보였다. 줄기부의 길이는 겨울부터 봄까지 증가하였으나, 여름부터 가을까지는 변화가 없었다. 이러한 결과는 감태의 형태적 변화가 주로 엽상부의 변화에 의해 나타난다는 것을 의미한다. 감태의 성장은 수온이 $15{\sim}18^{\circ}C$인 겨울부터 봄까지 매우 활발하게 일어나지만, $20^{\circ}C$ 이상의 수온에서는 저해되는 것으로 나타났다. 가입은 실험이 진행되는 기간 동안 봄부터 여름에 걸쳐 매우 낮았다. 그러나 2015년 4월 생육밀도의 감소로 인해 감태의 피도가 매우 낮아진 시점에 대량의 가입이 발생하였으며, 이것은 감태의 가입이 계절적 요인 보다는 공간과 차광효과 같은 물리적 요인에 의해 조절된다는 것을 시사한다. 어린 개체는 부착기질의 불안정성으로 인해 매우 높은 사망률을 보였다. 태풍 '볼라벤'에 의한 교란 이후 34개월이 되는 2015년 6월에 이르러 개체군의 구조가 교란 이전 수준으로 회복되었다. 따라서 대규모 교란현상 이후 감태 개체군이 교란 이전의 개체군 구조로 회복되는 데에는 3년 이상의 시간이 소요되는 것으로 판단된다. 이 연구는 해중림을 구성하는 대형갈조류의 관리, 복원 및 보호 전략을 수립하는데 매우 귀중한 생태학적 자료를 제공할 것이다.

Keywords

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