DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

기업용 소프트웨어 영업 인력 영업 성과의 영향 요인에 관한 연구

A Study on the Factors Affecting the Sales Performance of Business Software Salespersons

  • Yeon, Kyu Seo (Dept. of MIS, Dongguk University-Seoul Campus) ;
  • Hwang, K.T. (Dept. of MIS, Dongguk University-Seoul Campus)
  • 투고 : 2016.05.02
  • 심사 : 2016.06.24
  • 발행 : 2016.06.30

초록

This study identifies and validates the factors that affect sales performance of salespersons in the business software industry. In the study, in order to measure the dependent variable (performance of the salesperson) more comprehensively, multiple items are utilized and both outcome and behavior indicators are used. Independent variables are identified based on the classification of Verbeke et al. [(2011] including sales related knowledge, degree of adaptiveness, role ambiguity, and work engagement. Results of the hypotheses testing show that 'sales related knowledge' and 'work engagement' are statistically significant factors, but 'degree of adaptiveness' and 'role ambiguity' are not. This study has a few limitations and future research direction to overcome the limitation is suggested : use of both perceptions of the salesperson and objective measures in measuring the related variables; study including cognitive ability; analyses of the factors across various types of software companies; and analyses of the factors on the team level.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Amyx, D. and Alford, B. L., "The effects of salesperson need for achievement and sales manager leader reward behavior", Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, Vol. 25, No. 4, 2005, pp. 345-359.
  2. Anderson, E. and Oliver, R. L., "Perspectives on behavior-based versus outcome-based salesforce control systems", Journal of Marketing, Vol. 51, No. 4, 1987, pp. 76-88. https://doi.org/10.2307/1251249
  3. Avlonitis, G. J. and Panagopoulos, N. G., "Role stress, attitudes, and job outcomes in business-to-business selling : does the type of selling situation matter?", Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, Vol. 26, No. 1, 2006, pp. 67-77. https://doi.org/10.2753/PSS0885-3134260106
  4. Babu, N. G. and Reddy, P. R., "Challenges and issues of sales force management", International Journal of Commerce and Management Research, Vol. II, No. 4, 2015, pp. 99-103.
  5. Barclay, D. W., Thompson, R, and Higgins, C., "The partial least square(PLS) approach to causal modeling", Technology Studies, Vol. 2, No. 2, 1995, pp. 285-309.
  6. Behrman, D. N. and Perreault, W. D. Jr, "Measuring the performance of industrial salespersons", Journal of Business Research, Vol. 10, No. 3, 1982, pp. 355-370. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-2963(82)90039-X
  7. Bettencourt, L. A. and Brown, S. W., "Role stressors and customer-oriented boundaryspanning behaviors in service organizations", Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 31, No. 4, 2003, pp. 394-408. https://doi.org/10.1177/0092070303255636
  8. Campbell, J. P., Modelling the performance prediction problem in industrial and organization psychology in Marvin D. Dunnette and Leaetta Hough (eds.), Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 2, 1990, pp. 687-732.
  9. Chang, Y. Y. and Lee, H. S., "The impact of sales competencies on sales performance and moderating effects of workplace learning-focused on it salesforces", Journal of Human Resource Management Research, Vol. 22, No. 2, 2015, pp. 231-249.
  10. Chen, G., Kirkman, B. L., Kanfer, R., Allen, D., and Rosen, B., "A multilevel study of leadership, empowerment, and performance in teams", Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 92, No. 2, 2007, pp. 331-346. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.92.2.331
  11. Chen, S. T., "Explicit Competence, Implicit Competence, and Job Performance : The Analysis of Car Salespeople in Taiwan", Journal of Management and Strategy, Vol. 6, No. 3, 2015, pp. 50-59.
  12. Churchill Jr, G. A., Ford, N. M., Hartley, S. W., and Walker Jr, O. C., "The determinants of salesperson performance : A meta-analysis", Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 22, No. 2, 1985, pp. 103-118. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151357
  13. Colletti, J. and Tubridy, G., Reinventing the Sales Organization, Scottsdale, AZ : Alexander Group, 2004.
  14. DeShon, R. P., Kozlowski, S. W. J., Schmidt, A. M., Milner, K. R., and Wiechmann, D., "A multiple-goal, multilevel model of feedback effects on the regulation of individual and team performance", Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 89, No. 6, 2004, pp. 1035-1056. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.89.6.1035
  15. Fornell, C. and Larcker, D. F., "Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error : algebra and statistics", Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 18, No. 3, 1981, pp. 382-388. https://doi.org/10.2307/3150980
  16. Gavetti, G. and Rivkin, J. W., "How strategists really think", Harvard Business Review, Vol. 84, No. 4, 2005, pp. 465-483.
  17. George, D. and Mallery, P., SPSS for Windows step by step : a simple guide and reference. 11.0 update (4th ed.), Boston :Allyn and Bacon, 2003.
  18. Giacobbe, R. W., Jackson Jr, D. W., Crosby, L. A., and Bridges, C. M., "A contingency approach to adaptive selling behavior and sales performance : Selling situations and salesperson characteristics", Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, Vol. 26, No. 2, 2006, pp. 115-142. https://doi.org/10.2753/PSS0885-3134260202
  19. Ho, W. K. and Lee, C. G., "The resource competencies affecting on the sortware firm performance", Journal of Korean Society of Quality Management, Vol. 40, No. 4, 2012, pp. 615-629. https://doi.org/10.7469/JKSQM.2012.40.4.615
  20. Homburg, C., Workman, J. P., and Jensen, O., "A configural perspective on key account management", Journal of Marketing, Vol. 66, 2002, pp. 38-60.
  21. Jaramillo, F., Mulki, J. P., and Marshall, G. W., "A meta-analysis of the relationship between organizational commitment and salesperson job performance : 25 years of research", Journal of Business Research, Vol. 58, No. 6, 2005, pp. 705-714. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2003.10.004
  22. Johlke, M. C., "Sales presentation skills and salesperson job performance", Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, Vol. 21, No. 5, 2006, pp. 311-319. https://doi.org/10.1108/08858620610681614
  23. Johlke, M. C. and Iyer, R., "A model of retail job characteristics, employee role ambiguity, external customer mind-set, and sales performance", Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Vol. 20, No. 1, 2013, pp. 58-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2012.10.006
  24. KRG, ICT Market Briefing, 2015.
  25. Krishnan, B. C., Netemeyer, R. G., and Boles, J. S., "Self-efficacy, competitiveness, and effort as antecedents of salesperson performance", Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, Vol. 22, No. 4, 2002, pp. 285-295.
  26. Kumar, V., Venkatesan, R., and Reinatz, W., "Performance implications of adopting a customer-focused sales campaign", Journal of Marketing, Vol. 72, 2008, pp. 50-68. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.72.5.50
  27. Lee, H. G. and Kim, H. J., "A study on entering overseas market of the korean software industry", The e-Business Studies, Vol. 3, No. 2, 2002, pp. 105-133.
  28. Leigh, T. W., Pullins, E. B., and Comer, L. B., "The top ten sales articles of the 20th century", Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, Vol. 21, No. 3, 2001, pp. 217-227.
  29. Madhani, P. M., "Managing Salesforce Performance Behavior Versus Outcome Measures", Compensation and Benefits Review, 2015, pp. 1-10.
  30. Magandini, M. and Ngwenya, T., "The effects of salesman personality on sales performance of internet service provider in the telecommunication industry : Zimbabwean perspective", British Journal of Marketing Studies, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2015, pp. 11-21.
  31. Miao, F. C. and Evans, K. R., "The impact of salesperson motivation on role perceptions and job performance-a cognitive and affective perspective", Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, Vol. 27, No. 1, 2007, pp. 89-101. https://doi.org/10.2753/PSS0885-3134270106
  32. Moncrief, W. C. and Marshall, G. W., "The evolution of the seven steps of selling", Industrial Marketing Management, Vol. 34, No. 1, 2005, pp. 13-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2004.06.001
  33. Netemeyer, R. T., Boles, J. S., and McMurrian, R., "Development and validation of workfamily conflict and family-work conflict scales", Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 81, No. 4, 1996, pp. 400-410. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.81.4.400
  34. Park, C. W., Cho, A., and Ahn, S. M., "An exploratory study on the development of competency model for B2B salespeople", Journal of Marketing Management Research, Vol. 20, No. 3, 2015, pp. 31-63.
  35. Porter, S. S. and Inks, L. W., "Cognitive complexity and salesperson adaptability :An exploratory investigation", Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, Vol. 20, No. 1, 2000, pp. 15-21.
  36. Rentz, J. O., Shepherd, C. D., Tashchian, A., Dabholkar, P. A., and Ladd, R. T., "A measure of selling skill : scale development and validation", Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, Vol. 22, No. 1, 2002, pp. 13-21.
  37. Rizzo, J. T., House, R. J., and Lirtzman, S. I., "Role conflict and ambiguity in complex organizations", Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 15, No. 2, 1970, pp. 150-163. https://doi.org/10.2307/2391486
  38. Robinson Jr, L., Marshall, G. W., Moncrief, W. C., and Lassk, F. G., "Toward a shortened measure of adaptive selling", Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, Vol. 22, No. 2, 2002, pp. 111-118.
  39. Roman, S., Ruiz, S., and Luis Munuera, J., "The effects of sales training on sales force activity", European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 36, No. 11/12, 2002, pp. 1344-1366. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560210445218
  40. Ryerson, A., "Pharmaceutical sales performance : A proposed study measuring behavioral aspects of self-efficacy as compared to general self-efficacy", International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing, Vol. 2, No. 3, 2008, pp. 181-194. https://doi.org/10.1108/17506120810903962
  41. Salleh, F. and Kamaruddin, A., "The effects of personality factors on sales performance of takaful(Islamic insurance) agents in Malaysia", International Journal of Business and Social Science, Vol. 2, No. 5, 2011, pp. 259-265.
  42. Sarvary, M., "Knowledge management and competition in the consulting industry", California Management Review, Vol. 4, No. 2, 1999, pp. 95-107.
  43. Sarvary, M., "Temporal differentiation and the market for second opinions", Journal of Marketing Research, XXXIX, 2002, pp. 129-136.
  44. Saxe, R. and Weitz, B. A., "The SOCO scale :a measure of the customer orientation of salespeople", Journal of Marketing, Vol. 19, No. 3, 1982, pp. 343-351. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151568
  45. Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., Gonza'les-Roma', V., and Bakker, A. B., "The measurement of engagement and burnout : A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach", Journal of Happiness Studies, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2002, pp. 71-92. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015630930326
  46. Schwepker Jr, C. H. and Good, D. J., "Moral judgment and its impact on business-tobusiness sales performance and customer relationships", Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 98, No. 4, 2011, pp. 609-625. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0641-8
  47. Sharma, A., Rich, G. A., and Levy, M., "Comment : Starting to solve the method puzzle in salesperson self-report evaluations", Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, Vol. 24, No. 2, 2004, pp. 135-139.
  48. Singh, J., "Striking a balance in boundaryspanning positions : an investigation of some unconventional influences of role stressors and job characteristics on job outcomes of salespeople", Journal of Marketing, Vol. 62, No. 3, 1998, pp. 69-86. https://doi.org/10.2307/1251744
  49. Singh, M., Bhattacharjya, D., Deleris, L., Katz-Rogozhnikov, D., Squillante, M., Ray, B., and Richard, J., "The growth and performance diagnostics initiative : A multi-dimensional framework for sales performance an alysis and management", Service Science, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2011, pp. 82-98. https://doi.org/10.1287/serv.3.1.82
  50. Singh, R. and Venugopal, P., "The impact of salesperson customer orientation on sales performance via mediating mechanism", Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, Vol. 30, No. 5, 2015, pp. 594-607. https://doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-08-2012-0141
  51. Singh, V. L., Manrai, A. K., and Manrai, L. A., "Sales training : A state of the art and contemporary review", Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Science, Vol. 20, No. 38, 2015, pp. 54-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jefas.2015.01.001
  52. Smith, D. C. and Owens, J. P., "Knowledge of customers' customers as a basis of sales force differentiation", Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, Vol. 15, No. 3, 1995, pp. 1-16.
  53. Sojka, J. Z. and Deeter-Schmelz, D. R., "Need for cognition and affective orientation as predictors of sales performance : An investigation of main and interaction effects", Journal of Business and Psychology, Vol. 22, No. 3, 2008, pp. 179-190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-008-9069-x
  54. Sonnentag, S., "Recovery, work engagement, and proactive behavior : a new look at the interface between non-work and work", Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 88, No. 3, 2003, pp. 518-528. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.3.518
  55. Spiro, R. L. and Weitz, B. A., "Adaptive selling : conceptualization, measurement and nomological validity", Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 27, No. 1, 1990, pp. 61-69. https://doi.org/10.2307/3172551
  56. Stremersch, S. and Van Dyck, W., "Marketing of life sciences : a new framework and research agenda for a nascent field", Journal of Marketing, Vol. 73, No. 4, 2009, pp. 4-30. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.73.4.4
  57. Sujan, H., Weitz, B. A., and Kumar, N., "Learning orientation, working smart and effective selling", Journal of Marketing, Vol. 58, No. 3, 1994, pp. 39-52. https://doi.org/10.2307/1252309
  58. Swanson, E. B. and Wang, P., "Knowing why and how to innovate with packaged business software", Journal of Information Technology, Vol. 20, No. 1, 2005, pp. 20-31. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jit.2000033
  59. Szymanski, D. M., "Determinants of selling effectiveness: the importance of declarative knowledge to the personal selling concept", Journal of Marketing, Vol. 52, No. 1, 1988, pp. 64-77. https://doi.org/10.2307/1251686
  60. Thompson, H., How to deliver customer value?, Customer Value Management, Mc-Grow Hill, 2000.
  61. Turner, J. H., "An analysis of factors affecting life insurance agent sales performance", Academy of Marketing Studies Journal, Vol. 12, No. 1, 2008, p. 71.
  62. Vargo, S. L. and Lusch, R. F., "Evolving to a new dominant logic for marketing", Journal of Marketing, Vol. 68, No. 1, 2004, pp. 1-17.
  63. Verbeke, W., Dietz, B., and Verwaal, E., " Drivers of sales performance : a contemporary meta-analysis, Have salespeople become knowledge brokers?", Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 39, No. 3, 2011, pp. 407-428. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-010-0211-8
  64. Verbeke, W., Frank, D. B., Bakker, A. B., and Dietz, B., "When intelligence is (Dys) functional for achieving sales performance", Journal of Marketing, Vol. 72, No. 4, 2008, pp. 44-57. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.72.4.44
  65. Vinchur, A. J., Schippmann, J. S., Switzer III, F. S., and Roth, P. L., "A meta-analytic review of predictors of job performance for salespeople", Journal of applied psychology, Vol. 83, No. 4, 1998, p. 586. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.83.4.586
  66. Yoo, C. J., Youn, D. G., and Yeo, J. S., "A structural model of salesperson characteristics, sales behavior, and sales performance : extension of prior model", Korean Marketing Review, Vol. 23, No. 1, 1998, pp. 1-21.
  67. Yoo, S. J., Kim, B. G., Choi, J. H., and Leem, C. S., "A Study on the primary factors of internal and external competency for improving performance of small and medium software company", Journal of the Korea Industrial Information Systems Research, Vol. 14, No. 1, 2009, pp. 17-31.
  68. Walker, O. C., Jr., Churchill, G. A., Jr., and Ford, N. M., "Motivation and performance in industrial selling : present knowledge and needed research", Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 14, No. 2, 1977, pp. 156-168. https://doi.org/10.2307/3150465
  69. Weitz, B. A., Sujan, H., and Sujan, M., "Knowledge, motivation, and adaptive behavior :a framework for improving selling effectiveness", Journal of Marketing, Vol. 50, No. 4, 1986, pp. 174-191. https://doi.org/10.2307/1251294
  70. Wrzesniewski, A. and Dutton, J. E., "Crafting a job : revisioning employees as active crafters of their work", The Academy of Management Review, Vol. 26, No. 2, 2001, pp. 179-201. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2001.4378011
  71. Zallocco, R., Bolman Pullins, E., and Mallin, M. L., "A re-examination of B2B sales performance", Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, Vol. 24, No. 8, 2009, pp. 598-610. https://doi.org/10.1108/08858620910999466