Korean Journal of Veterinary Research (대한수의학회지)

The Korean Society of Veterinary Science (대한수의학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Fermented antler extract enhances the viability and interleukin-12 production of spleen cells

발효녹용 추출물에 의한 비장세포의 생존율 및 interleukin-12 생산 증진

  • Yang, Hye-Yeoul (Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University) ;
  • Kim, Youngsu (Malgeunsaem Korean Medicine Clinic) ;
  • Joo, Hong-Gu (Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University)
  • 양혜열 (제주대학교 수의과대학 수의약리학실) ;
  • 김영수 (맑은샘한의원) ;
  • 주홍구 (제주대학교 수의과대학 수의약리학실)
  • Received : 2016.02.02
  • Accepted : 2016.06.25
  • Published : 2016.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The effects of antlers have long been known in traditional Asian medicine. However, few studies have investigated the effects of antlers on immunity. In this study, we investigated whether fermented antler extract (FAE) has immunomodulatory effects on spleen cells. FAE enhanced the activity of spleen cells in a concentration dependent manner compared to antler extract. Interestingly, FAE significantly increased the production of interleukin-12, a representative cytokine of cell-mediated immunity, while it marginally increased that of tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that FAE can protect spleen cells from spontaneous cell death without a significant proportional change in subsets, mainly lymphocytes. Taken together, the results of the present study showed that FAE has beneficial effects on spleen cells, a major type of immune cell, indicating that it can function as an immunomodulator without significant cytotoxicity. These data may broaden the use of FAE in basic research and clinical areas.

Keywords

References

  1. Choi SW, Moon SH, Yang HJ, Kwon DY, Son YJ, Yu R, Kim YS, Kim SI, Chae EJ, Park SJ, Kim SH. Antiresorptive activity of bacillus-fermented antler extracts: inhibition of osteoclast differentiation. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2013, 2013, 748687.
  2. Dai TY, Wang CH, Chen KN, Huang IN, Hong WS, Wang SY, Chen YP, Kuo CY, Chen MJ. The antiinfective effects of velvet antler of Formosan sambar deer (Cervus unicolor swinhoei) on Staphylococcus aureus-infected mice. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2011, 2011, 534069.
  3. Hsieh CS, Macatonia SE, Tripp CS, Wolf SF, O'Garra A, Murphy KM. Development of TH1 $CD4^+$ T cells through IL- 12 produced by Listeria-induced macrophages. Science 1993, 260, 547-549. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.8097338
  4. Jang JY, Moon SY, Joo HG. Differential effects of fucoidans with low and high molecular weight on the viability and function of spleen cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2014, 68, 234-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2014.03.024
  5. Joo HG, Goedegebuure PS, Sadanaga N, Nagoshi M, von Bernstorff W, Eberlein TJ. Expression and function of galectin-3, a ${\beta}$-galactoside-binding protein in activated T lymphocytes. J Leukoc Biol 2001, 69, 555-564.
  6. Kim KH, Lee EJ, Kim K, Han SY, Jhon GJ. Modification of concanavalin A-dependent proliferation by phosphatidylcholines isolated from deer antler, Cervus elaphus. Nutrition 2004, 20, 394-401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2003.12.013
  7. Kim MH, Byon YY, Ko EJ, Song JY, Yun YS, Shin T, Joo HG. Immunomodulatory activity of ginsan, a polysaccharide of Panax ginseng, on dendritic cells. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol 2009, 13, 169-173. https://doi.org/10.4196/kjpp.2009.13.3.169
  8. Kim SY, Joo HG. Evaluation of adjuvant effects of fucoidan for improving vaccine efficacy. J Vet Sci 2015, 16, 145-150. https://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2015.16.2.145
  9. Lee SH, Suh HJ, Lee HS, Park Y, Park JW, Jung EY. Hematopoietic effect of Bacillus subtilis-fermented antler extract on phenylhydrazine-induced hemolytic anemia in Sprague-Dawley rats. J Med Food 2012, 15, 774-780. https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2012.2264
  10. Locksley RM, Killeen N, Lenardo MJ. The TNF and TNF receptor superfamilies: integrating mammalian biology. Cell 2001, 104, 487-501. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00237-9
  11. Moon SY, Joo HG. Anti-inflammatory effects of 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (dapsone) in lipopolysaccharidetreated spleen cells: selective inhibition of inflammation-related cytokines. Korean J Vet Res 2015, 55, 199-204. https://doi.org/10.14405/kjvr.2015.55.3.199
  12. Park Y, Choi HS, Lee HS, Suh HJ. Hematopoietic effect of deer antler extract fermented by Bacillus subtilis on murine marrow cells. Nutr Res Pract 2015, 9, 451-458. https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2015.9.5.451
  13. Ross DD, Joneckis CC, Ordonez JV, Sisk AM, Wu RK, Hamburger AW, Nora RE. Estimation of cell survival by flow cytometric quantification of fluorescein diacetate/propidium iodide viable cell number. Cancer Res 1989, 49, 3776-3782.
  14. Shim JW, Kim NJ, Kim YS, Kim DH. Anti-fatigue and hepatoprotective effects of fermented antler. Korean J Pharmacogn 2012, 43, 54-58.
  15. Suh JS, Eun JS, So JN, Seo JT, Jhon GJ. Phagocytic activity of ethyl alcohol fraction of deer antler in murine peritoneal macrophage. Biol Pharm Bull 1999, 22, 932-935. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.22.932
  16. Sui Z, Zhang L, Huo Y, Zhang Y. Bioactive components of velvet antlers and their pharmacological properties. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014, 87, 229-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2013.07.044
  17. Wu F, Li H, Jin L, Li X, Ma Y, You J, Li S, Xu Y. Deer antler base as a traditional Chinese medicine: a review of its traditional uses, chemistry and pharmacology. J Ethnopharmacol 2013, 145, 403-415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2012.12.008
  18. Zha E, Li X, Li D, Guo X, Gao S, Yue X. Immunomodulatory effects of a 3.2 kDa polypeptide from velvet antler of Cervus nippon Temminck. Int Immunopharmacol 2013, 16, 210-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2013.02.027

Cited by

  1. Fermented Antler Recovers Stamina, Muscle Strength and Muscle Mass in Middle-Aged Mice vol.12, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3390/app12010106