Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회지)

The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of Pumpkin, Corn Silk, Adzuki Bean, and Their Mixture on Weight Control and Antioxidant Activities in High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Rats

호박즙, 옥수수수염차, 팥차 및 혼합물이 식이유도 비만동물모델에서 체중과 항산화 활성에 미치는 영향

  • Park, Jae-Hee (Department of Food, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Kyungnam University) ;
  • Lee, Eunji (Department of Food, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Kyungnam University) ;
  • Park, Eunju (Department of Food, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Kyungnam University)
  • 박재희 (경남대학교 식품영양생명학과) ;
  • 이은지 (경남대학교 식품영양생명학과) ;
  • 박은주 (경남대학교 식품영양생명학과)
  • Received : 2016.05.23
  • Accepted : 2016.06.20
  • Published : 2016.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Pumpkin juice (PJ), corn silk tea (CT), and adzuki bean tea (AT) have long been used for treatment of obesity in Korea. This study investigated the efficacy of PJ, CT, AT, and their mixture (PCA) on alteration of body weight and antioxidant metabolism in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats. After being fed HFD for 4 weeks, SD rats were divided into six groups fed a normal diet (ND), HFD, HFD+PJ [250 mg/kg body weight (BW)], HFD+CT (250 mg/kg BW), HFD+AT (250 mg/kg BW), and HFD+PCA (PJ : CT : AT=1:1:1, 250 mg/kg BW) for another 9 weeks. HFD consumption resulted in total lipid, triglyceride, and total cholesterol accumulation in adipose tissue, which was reduced by administration of PJ, CT, AT, or PCA. The plasma oxygen radical absorbance capacity value and hepatic glutathione peroxidase activity significantly increased compared to the HFD group. The liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances was significantly lower in the PCA group than the HFD group. HFD-induced DNA damage in hepatocytes, as measured by comet assay, decreased in the PJ, AT, and PCA-supplemented groups. The PCA group exerted a superior antigenotoxic effect compared to other treatments. PCA recovered the concentration of plasma adiponectin, which was reduced by HFD. Adipocyte surface area (%) was significantly higher in the HFD group than the ND group, significantly lower in the PJ and PCA groups than the HFD group, and not significantly different compared with the ND group. Based on the results, supplementation of PJ, CT, AT, and PCA exhibited lipid-lowering effects in adipocytes of HFD-induced obese rats. Furthermore, the PCA group exhibited superior antioxidant activity in all treated groups. This study suggests that a mixed beverage consisting of PJ, CT, and AT may be a significant source of natural antioxidants, which might be helpful in preventing obesity and progress of various oxidative stresses induced by HFD.

4주간 식이로 유도된 비만 동물에서 호박즙(250 mg/kg BW), 옥수수수염차(250 mg/kg BW), 팥차(250 mg/kg BW)와 이들 혼합음료(호박즙 분말 : 옥수수수염차 분말 : 팥차 분말, 1:1:1, 250 mg/kg BW)를 9주간 투여하여 그 효능을 알아본 결과 호박즙, 옥수수수염차, 팥차 개별 섭취 시 체중감소 효과는 보였으나 그 기전은 본 연구에서 규명하지 못하였다. 그러나 혼합음료 섭취군에서는 지방조직 무게의 유의적 감소로 인한 체중 저하 효능을 확인할 수 있었다. 부고환지방조직의 표면적은 고지방식이섭취군(HFD)군에 비해 고지방식이+혼합음료섭취군(HFD+PCA)군에서 유의적으로 감소하였으며, HFD+PCA군의 아디포넥틴은 HFD군에 비해 유의적으로 증가하였다. 음료섭취군들 중 고지방식이+혼합음료섭취군(HFD+PCA)은 고지방식이섭취군(HFD)보다 ORAC value가 증가하였고, GSH-Px의 간 항산화 효소에서도 HFD군보다 HFD+PCA군이 유의적으로 증가하였다. 또한, HFD+PCA군은 고지방식이에 의한 지질과산화물 생성을 유의적으로 감소시켰으며, 비만으로 인한 산화적 스트레스에 따른 DNA 손상을 현저히 낮추었다. 따라서 산화적 스트레스에 의해 유도되는 비만 치료에 호박즙, 옥수수수염차, 팥차를 각각 섭취하기보다는 이들 세 가지를 동일한 비율로 혼합 섭취 시 각각의 항산화 효능의 상승작용에 의한 항비만 효과가 현저하게 나타낼 것으로 생각한다.

Keywords

References

  1. Korean Statistical Information Service. Obesity. http://kosis.kr/statisticsList/statisticsList_01List.jsp?vwcd=MT_ZTITLE&parentId=D#SubCont (accessed Jan 2016).
  2. Ferretti G, Bacchetti T, Moroni C, Savino S, Liuzzi A, Balzola F, Bicchiega V. 2005. Paraoxonase activity in highdensity lipoproteins: a comparison between healthy and obese females. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90: 1728-1733. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2004-0486
  3. Higdon JV, Frei B. 2003. Obesity and oxidative stress: a direct link to CVD?. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 23: 365-367. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.0000063608.43095.E2
  4. Antipatis VJ, Gill TP. 2001. Obesity as a global problem. In International Text Book of Obesity. Bjorntorp P, ed. John Wiley & Sons Inc., Chichester, West Sussex, UK. p 3-22.
  5. Seo YH. 2005. Patent trend of anti-obesity supplementary food. Food World 8: 116-122.
  6. Han LK, Kimura Y, Okuda H. 2005. Anti-obesity effects of natural products. Stud Nat Prod Chem 30: 79-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1572-5995(05)80031-6
  7. Moro CO, Basile G. 2000. Obesity and medicinal plants. Fitoterapia 71: S73-S82. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(00)00177-5
  8. Rayalam S, Della-Fera MA, Baile CA. 2008. Phytochemicals and regulation of the adipocyte life cycle. J Nutr Biochem 19: 717-726. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2007.12.007
  9. Ku BH. 1987. Korea folk medicine. Parkchul Press Inc., Seoul, Korea. p 90.
  10. Lim JP, Choi H. 2001. Effects of the water extract from Cucurbita maxima Duchesne on inflammation and hyperlipidemia in rats. Korean J Med Crop Sci 9: 280-283.
  11. Velazquez DV, Xavier HS, Batista JE, de Castro-Chaves C. 2005. Zea mays L. extracts modify glomerular function and potassium urinary excretion in conscious rats. Phytomedicine 12: 363-369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2003.12.010
  12. Rau O, Wurglics M, Dingermann T, Abdel-Tawan M, Schubert-Zsilavecz M. 2006. Screening of herbal extracts for activation of the human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor. Pharmazie 61: 952-956.
  13. Chin HS, Pack KJ, Pack SH, Kim JK. 2009. The effects of herbal extract mixture on anti-obesity. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 38: 32-38. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2009.38.1.032
  14. Maksimovic Z, Malencic D, Kovacevic N. 2005. Polyphenol contents and antioxidant activity of Maydis stigma extracts. Bioresour Technol 96: 873-877. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2004.09.006
  15. Maksimovic ZA, Kovacevic N. 2003. Preliminary assay on the antioxidant activity of Maydis stigma extracts. Fitoterapia 74: 144-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(02)00311-8
  16. Han LK, Kimura Y, Okuda H. 2003. Anti-obesity effects of tea saponins. 7th International Symposium on Green Tea, Seoul, Korea. p 65-72.
  17. Kim HS, Kim TW, Kim DJ, Hwang HJ, Lee HJ, Choe M. 2007. Effects of natural plants supplementation on adipocyte size of the epididymal fat pads in rats. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 36: 419-423. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2007.36.4.419
  18. Vasselli JR, Weindruch R, Heymsfield SB, Pi-Sunyer FX, Boozer CN, Yi N, Wang C, Pietrobelli A, Allison DB. 2005. Intentional weight loss reduces mortality rate in a rodent model of dietary obesity. Obes Res 13: 693-702. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2005.78
  19. Cho JH, Lee NJ, Hong SH, Kim DK, Shin S, Park JH, Kang JK, Kim YB, Hwang SY. 2005. Effect of Hwalgidan SJ-201 on obesity induced by high-fat diet in Zucker rats. Lab Anim Res 21: 158-163.
  20. Allain CC, Poon LS, Chan CS, Richmond W, Fu PC. 1974. Enzymatic determination of total serum cholesterol. Clin Chem 20: 470-475.
  21. McGowan MW, Artiss JD, Strandbergh DR, Zak B. 1983. A peroxidase-coupled method for the colorimetric determination of serum triglycerides. Clin Chem 29: 538-542.
  22. Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. 1972. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem 18: 499-502.
  23. Folch J, Lees M, Sloane Stanley GH. 1957. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues. J Biol Chem 226: 497-509.
  24. Ou B, Hampsch-Woodill M, Prior RL. 2001. Development and validation of an improved oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay using fluorescein as the fluorescent probe. J Agric Food Chem 49: 4619-4626. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf010586o
  25. Bjorntorp P. 1988. The associations between obesity, adipose tissue distribution and disease. Acta Med Scand Suppl 723: 121-134.
  26. Do GP, Lee HJ, Do JR, Kim HK. 2012. Antiobesity effect of the Cucubita moschata Duch extracts in 3T3-L1 adipocyets. Korean J Food Preserv 19: 138-143. https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2012.19.1.138
  27. Ha TJ, Lee BW, Park KH, Jeong SH, Kim HT, Ko JM, Baek IY, Lee JH. 2014. Rapid characterisation and comparison of saponin profiles in the seeds of Korean Leguminous species using ultra performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector and electrospray ionisation/mass spectrometry (UPLC-PDA-ESI/MS) analysis. Food Chem 146: 270-277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.09.051
  28. Moon GA, Choi SM, Kim SH, Kim SS, Kang JY, Yoon Y. 2003. Human and animal study on the natural food for obesity and metabolic syndrome risk factors. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 32: 1394-1400. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2003.32.8.1394
  29. Rhee SJ, Kim KR, Kim HT, Hong JH. 2007. Effects of catechin on lipid composition and adipose tissue in obese rats fed high fat diet. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 36: 540-547. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2007.36.5.540
  30. Maeda N, Takahashi M, Funahashi T, Kihara S, Nishizawa H, Kishida K, Nagaretani H, Matsuda M, Komuro R, Ouchi N, Kuriyama H, Hotta K, Nakamura T, Shimomura I, Matsuzawa Y. 2001. $PPAR{\gamma}$ ligands increase expression and plasma concentrations of adiponectin, an adipose-derived protein. Diabetes 50: 2094-2099. https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.50.9.2094
  31. Goldfine AB, Kahn CR. 2003. Adiponectin: linking the fat cell to insulin sensitivity. Lancet 362: 1431-1432. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14727-7
  32. Gil JH, Lee JA, Kim JY, Hong YM. 2008. Leptin, adiponectin, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ in obese adolescents. Korean J Pediatr 51: 597-603. https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2008.51.6.597
  33. Furukawa S, Fujita T, Shimabukuro M, Iwaki M, Yamada Y, Nakajima Y, Nakayama O, Makishima M, Matsuda M, Shimomura I. 2004. Increased oxidative stress in obesity and its impact on metabolic syndrome. J Clin Invest 114: 1752-1761. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI21625
  34. Subauste AR, Burant CF. 2007. Role of FoxO1 in FFA-induced oxidative stress in adipocytes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 293: E159-E164. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00629.2006
  35. Terra X, Montagut G, Bustos M, Llopiz N, Ardevol A, Blade C. Fernandez-Larrea J, Pujadas G, Salvado J, Arola L, Blay M. 2009. Grape-seed procyanidins prevent low-grade inflammation by modulating cytokine expression in rats fed a high-fat diet. J Nutr Biochem 20: 210-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2008.02.005
  36. Cho SY, Park PJ, Shin HJ, Kim YK, Shin DW, Shin ES, Lee HH, Lee BG, Baik JH, Lee TR. 2007. (-)-Catechin suppresses expression of Kruppel-like factor 7 and increases expression and secretion of adiponectin protein in 3T3-L1 cells. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 292: E1166-E1172. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00436.2006
  37. Justo ML, Rodriguez-Rodriguez R, Claro CM, Alvarez de Sotomayor M, Parrado J, Herrera MD. 2013. Water-soluble rice bran enzymatic extract attenuates dyslipidemia, hypertension and insulin resistance in obese Zucker rats. Eur J Nutr 52: 787-797.
  38. Kim MJ, Jun HY, Kim JH. 2015. Anti-obesity effect of Korean Hamcho (Salicornia herbacea L.) powder on high-fat diet-induced obese rats. J Nutr Health 48: 123-132. https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2015.48.2.123
  39. Bae MJ, Sung TS, Choi C. 1990. Effect of ginseng fraction components on plasma, adipose and feces steroids in obese rat induced by a high fat diet. Korean J Ginseng Sci 14: 404-415.
  40. Seddon JM, Ajani UA, Sperduto RD, Hiller R, Blair N, Burton TC, Farber MD, Gragoudas ES, Haller J, Miller DT, Yannuzzi LA, Willett W. 1994. Dietary carotenoids, vitamins A, C and E advanced age-related macular degeneration. JAMA 272: 1413-1420. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1994.03520180037032
  41. Kim SR, Ha TY, Song HN, Kim YS, Park YK. 2005. Comparison of nutritional composition and antioxidative activity for Kabocha squash and pumpkin. Korean J Food Sci Technol 37: 171-177.
  42. Lee EA, Byrne PF, McMullen MD, Snook ME, Wiseman BR, Widstrom NW, Coe EH. 1998. Genetic mechanisms underlying apimaysin and maysin synthesis and corn earworm antibiosis in maize (Zea mays L.). Genetics 149: 1997-2006.
  43. Kim SL, Snook ME, Lee JO. 2003. Radical scavenging activity and cytotoxicity of maysin (C-glycosylflavone) isolated from silks of Zea mays L.. Korean J Crop Sci 48: 392-396.
  44. Yoshida K, Sato Y, Okuno R, Kameda K, Isobe M, Kondo T. 1996. Structural analysis and measurement of anthocyanins from colored seed coats of Vigna, Phaseolus, and Glycine legumes. Biosci Biotech Biochem 60: 589-593. https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.60.589
  45. Ariga T, Koshiyama I, Fukushima D. 1988. Antioxidative properties of procyanidins B-1 and B-3 from azuki beans in aqueous systems. Agric Biol Chem 52: 2717-2722.
  46. Koide T, Hashimoto Y, Kamei H, Kojima T, Hasegawa M, Terabe K. 1997. Antitumor effect of anthocyanin fractions extracted from red soybeans and red beans in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 12: 277-280.
  47. Jovanovic SV, Simic MG. 2000. Antioxidants in nutrition. Ann N Y Acad Sci 899: 326-334.
  48. Sung KS, Chun C, Kwon YH, Chang CC. 2000. Effects of red ginseng component administration on glutathione and lipid peroxidation levels in mice liver. J Ginseng Res 24: 176-182.
  49. Lee KJ. 2012. Characteristics of physico-chemical properties and analysis of functional components in soymilk with red ginseng extract. PhD Dissertation. Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea.
  50. Carantoni M, Abbasi F, Warmerdam F, Klebanov M, Wang PW, Chen YD, Azhar S, Reaven GM. 1998. Relationship between insulin resistance and partially oxidized LDL particles in healthy, nondiabetic volunteers. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 18: 762-767. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.18.5.762
  51. Hirashima O, Kawano H, Motoyama T, Hirai N, Ohgushi M, Kugiyama K, Ogawa H, Yasue H. 2000. Improvement of endothelial function and insulin sensitivity with vitamin C in patients with coronary spastic angina: possible role of reactive oxygen species. J Am Coll Cardiol 35: 1860-1866. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0735-1097(00)00616-1
  52. Halliwill B. 1996. Antioxidant in human health and disease. Annu Rev Nutr 16: 33-50. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nu.16.070196.000341
  53. Matsuda M, Shimomura I. 2013. Increased oxidative stress in obesity: Implications for metabolic syndrome, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Obes Res Clin Pract 7: e330-e341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2013.05.004
  54. Trakshel GM, Maines MD. 1988. Characterization of glutathione S-transferases in rat kidney. Alteration of composition by cis-platinum. Biochem J 252: 127-136. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2520127
  55. Rotruck, JT, Pope AL, Ganther HE, Swanson AB, Hafeman DG, Hoekstra WG. 1973. Selenium: biochemical role as a component of glutathione peroxidase. Science 179: 588-590. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.179.4073.588
  56. Kim MJ, Chu WM, Park EJ. 2012. Antioxidant and antigenotoxic effects of Shiitake mushrooms affected by different drying methods. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 41: 1041-1048. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2012.41.8.1041

Cited by

  1. Effects of 8 Weeks Resistance Exercise on GSH, SOD, TBARS Activities and GLUT2 mRNA Expression of Pancreas in OLETF Rats vol.56, pp.3, 2017, https://doi.org/10.23949/kjpe.2017.05.56.3.41