Journal of Nutrition and Health

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
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Food and nutrient intake status of Korean elderly by degree of cognitive function

노인의 인지기능상태에 따른 식품과 영양소 섭취실태

  • 김혜영 (용인대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 이정숙 (국민대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 윤종철 (경기도노인전문용인병원 정신건강의학과) ;
  • 장문정 (국민대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Received : 2016.03.03
  • Accepted : 2016.04.17
  • Published : 2016.10.31
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Abstract

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the relationship among cognitive function, nutrition screening initiative (NSI) score, and food intake status. Methods: A total of 409 subjects aged over 60 years were recruited from the Yongin dementia prevention and control center. Mini Mental State Examination Dementia Screening (MMSE-DS) method was used to assess the cognitive function of the subjects. Information on health related behaviors and food intake was collected by face to face interview using a structured questionnaire. The questionnaires included the NSI DETERMINE checklist, food intake sheets by 24 hr recall method and by semi-quantified food frequency questionnaire. Results: Subjects were divided into low cognitive or normal groups according to the MMSE-DS result. The prevalence of low cognitive function in the subjects was 25.7%. The low cognitive group exercised less and had higher nutritional health risk than the normal group. The low cognitive group had lower consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acid and higher tendency of thiamin, riboflavin, and iron deficiency. The low cognitive group had less frequency of eating mackerel, pepper, tangerine, and watermelon and higher frequency of eating white rice and cookies than the normal group. Conclusion: The results of this study imply that the cognitive function of elderly is related to exercise behavior, nutritional health risk, and food and nutrient intake status.

본 연구는 용인시에 거주하는 노인들을 대상으로 간이인지기능검사 (MMSE-DS)와 영양건강위험도 조사 (NSI DETERMINE checklist) 및 식품섭취실태를 통하여 인지기능 저하와 영양 식생활 실태와의 관련성을 살펴보고자 하였다. 1) 전체 조사대상 노인 (n = 409)의 평균 나이는 73.3세였고, 남자가 32.3%, 여자가 67.7%이었다. 인지기능 저하로 판정된 사람은 105명으로 대상자의 25.7%가 인지기능 저하로 판정되었으며, 성별에 따른 인지기능 정도의 차이는 없었다. 2) 조사대상 노인들의 운동 빈도는 유의차는 없었으나, 인지기능저하군에서 정상군보다 '운동을 거의 하지 않는다'는 비율은 더 높고, '거의 매일 운동을 한다'는 비율은 낮은 편이었다. 1일 평균 운동 시간은 인지기능저하군이 정상군보다 하루에 1~2시간씩 운동을 하는 사람들은 더 적고, 30분~1시간씩 운동을 하는 사람들은 더 많아서 총 운동시간이 적은 것으로 나타났다. 3) NSI DETERMINE 검사를 이용한 영양건강 위험도는 저위험군 270명 (66%), 중위험군 90명 (22%), 고위험군 49명 (12%)이었으며, 인지기능저하군에서 정상군보다 영양건강의 중위험군과 고위험군의 비율이 유의적으로 높았다. 4) 조사대상자의 평균 에너지 섭취량은 1,528.6 kcal로 에너지 필요추정량 (EER)의 84.4%를 섭취하였고, 인지기능저하군에서 정상군보다 다불포화지방산을 유의하게 적게 섭취하였다. 또한, 인지기능저하군은 티아민, 리보플라빈, 철을 평균필요량 미만으로 섭취하는 사람의 비율이 정상군보다 유의적으로 많았다. 5) 식품섭취빈도조사에서 조사한 63개 식품 중 조사대상자의 인지기능에 따라 유의차를 보인 식품은 6가지로 쌀밥과 과자류의 섭취빈도는 인지기능저하군에서 정상군보다 유의하게 높았고, 고등어, 고추, 귤과 수박의 섭취빈도는 인지기능저하군에서 유의하게 낮았다. 본 연구를 통하여 인지기능이 저하된 노인의 경우 정상노인보다 운동 빈도와 운동 시간이 적고, 영양건강위험도는 높으며, 불포화지방산의 섭취가 적고, 티아민, 리보플라빈, 철 등이 정상군보다 더 부족할 가능성이 높음을 확인하였다. 또한, 인지기능저하군에서 쌀밥과 과자류의 섭취는 더 많으나, 고등어, 고추, 귤, 수박의 섭취 빈도는 더 적은 것으로 나타났다. 앞으로 인지기능 손상을 지연시켜 개인의 건강 장수와 사회적 의료비용 절감을 가져오기 위해서는 인지기능 관련 식품들이 어떤 기전으로 인지기능에 영향을 미치는 가에 대한 후속 연구가 필요하다고 하겠다.

Keywords

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