DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Study on Relationship among Knowledge State, IT Support, Knowledge Sharing Process and Outcomes in Startup Teams

  • Received : 2016.08.20
  • Accepted : 2016.09.19
  • Published : 2016.09.30

Abstract

Start-ups do not have enough resources such as financial capital and established customer base. Knowledge base of start-up team members is the crucial and unrivaled resource. This study tries to explicate the knowledge sharing process occurring in this knowledge base of start-up teams. Adopting the knowledge process view, detail process of knowledge sharing process model is constructed consisting of knowledge sharing speed, quality and quantity in a form of nomological net and empirically tested. In addition, preceding antecedents and consequential outcomes of this knowledge sharing is also posited as part of the research model : knowledge state of the team leading to team creativity and agility via the explicated knowledge sharing process model. Also, as this knowledge based view are triggered by the advance of IT in general, IT support is conceptualized as an antecedent and measures are operationalized. 230 data points were collected from start-up teams. Via data analysis using PLS, theoretical relationships from knowledge state, IT support, knowledge sharing process and knowledge consequences are found to be empirically supported except a few not supported. Most of all, team agility and team creativity are theoretically supported and empirically validated as critical outcome variables beyond performance measures. Though agility and creativity has been discussed as critical construct in start-up teams, it has not be much validated empirically. Also, interestingly, IT support are found to be significantly impacting the knowledge sharing process as expected. Academic contributions and implications for practice are discussed at the end with limitations and further research.

Keywords

References

  1. Brynjolfsson, E. and A. McAfee, The Second Machine Age : Work, Progress, and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies, W.W. Norton and Company, New York, 2014.
  2. Carlo, J.L., K. Lyytinen, and G.M. Rose, "A Knowledge-Based Model of Radical Innovation in Small Software Firms", MIS Quarterly, Vol.36, No.3, 2012, 865-895.
  3. Chang, H.H. and S.S. Chuang, "Social Capital and Individual Motivations on Knowledge Sharing : Participant Involvement as a Moderator", Information and Management, Vol. 48, No.1, 2011, 9-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2010.11.001
  4. Chen, J. and A.S. Lovvorn, "The Speed of Knowledge Transfer within Multinational Enterprises : The Role of Social Capital", International Journal of Commerce and Management, Vol.21, No.1, 2011, 46-62. https://doi.org/10.1108/10569211111111694
  5. Chen, X., X. Li, J.G. Clark, and G.B. Dietrich, "Knowledge Sharing in Open Source Software Project Teams : A Transactive Memory System Perspective", International Journal of Information Management, Vol. 33, No.3, 2013, 553-563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2013.01.008
  6. Chin, W.W., "The Partial Least Squares Approach to Structural Equation Modeling", Modern Methods for business research, Vol.295, No.2, 1998, 295-336.
  7. Chin, W.W., B.L. Marcolin, and P.R. Newsted, "A Partial Least Squares Latent Variable Modeling Approach for Measuring Interaction Effects : Results from a Monte Carlo Simulation Study and an Electronic-Mail Emotion/Adoption Study", Information Systems Research, Vol.14, No.2, 2003, 189-217. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.14.2.189.16018
  8. Chiu, C.M., M.H. Hsu, and E.T. Wang, "Understanding Knowledge Sharing in Virtual Communities : An integration of Social Capital and Social Cognitive Theories", Decision support systems, Vol.42, No.3, 2006, 1872-1888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2006.04.001
  9. Choi, S.Y., H.S. Lee, and Y.G. Yoo, "The Impact of Information Technology and Transactive Memory Systems on Knowledge Sharing, Application, and Team Performance : A Field Study", MIS Quarterly, Vol.34, No.4, 2010, 855-870. https://doi.org/10.2307/25750708
  10. Cropley, A., "In Praise of Convergent Thinking", Creativity Research Journal, Vol.18, No.3, 2006, 391-404. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326934crj1803_13
  11. Crosby, L.A., K.R. Evans, and D. Cowles, "Relationship Quality in Services Selling : An Interpersonal Influence Perspective", Journal of Marketing, Vol.54, No.3, 1990, 68-81. https://doi.org/10.2307/1251817
  12. Delone, W.H. and E.R. McLean, "The DeLone and McLean Model of Information Systems Success : A Ten-Year Update", Journal of Management Information Systems, Vol.19, No.4, 2003, 9-30. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2003.11045748
  13. De Luca, L.M. and K. Atuahene-Gima, "Market Knowledge Dimensions and Cross-Functional Collaboration : Examining the Different Routes to Product Innovation Performance", Journal of Marketing, Vol.71, No.1, 2007, 95-112. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.71.1.95
  14. Dewar, R.D. and J.E. Dutton, "The Adoption of Radical and Incremental Innovations : An Empirical Analysis", Management Science, Vol.32, No.11, 1986, 1422-1433. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.32.11.1422
  15. Dove, R., "Knowledge Management, Response ability, and the Agile Enterprise", Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol.3, No.1, 1999, 18-35. https://doi.org/10.1108/13673279910259367
  16. Fornell, C. and D.F. Larcker, "Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error : Algebra and Statistics", Journal of Marketing Research, Vol.18, No.3, 1981, 382-388. https://doi.org/10.2307/3150980
  17. Gefen, D., D. Straub, and M.C. Boudreau, "Structural Equation Modeling and Regression : Guidelines for Research Practice", Communications of the Association for Information Systems, Vol.4, No.1, 2000, 7.
  18. Gibson, C.B., M.J. Waller, M.A. Carpenter, and J.M. Conte, "Antecedents, Consequences, and Moderators of Time Perspective Heterogeneity for Knowledge Management in MNO Teams", Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol.28, No.8, 2007, 1005-1034. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.445
  19. Hair, J.F., W.C. Black, B.J. Babin, R.E. Anderson, and R.L. Tatham, Multivariate data analysis 6th Edition, Pearson Education, New Jersey, 2006.
  20. Ipe, M., "Knowledge Sharing on Organizations : A Conceptual Framework", Human Resource Development Review, Vol.2, No.4, 2003, 337-359. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484303257985
  21. Kearns, G.S. and R. Sabherwal, "Strategic Alignment Between Business and Information Technology : A Knowledge-Based View of Behaviors, Outcome, and Consequences", Journal of Management Information Systems, Vol.23, No.3, 2006, 129-162. https://doi.org/10.2753/MIS0742-1222230104
  22. Khan, Z., O. Shenkar, and Y.K. Lew, "Knowledge Transfer from International Joint Ventures to Local Suppliers in a Developing Economy", Journal of International Business Studies, Vol.46, No.6, 2015, 656-675. https://doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2015.7
  23. Klotz, A.C., K.M. Hmieleski, B.H. Bradley, and L.W. Busenitz, "New Venture Teams A Review of the Literature and Roadmap for Future Research", Journal of Management, Vol.40, No.1, 2014, 226-255. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206313493325
  24. Kogut, B. and U. Zander, "Knowledge of the Firm, Combinative Capabilities, and the Replication of Technology", Organization Science, Vol.3, No.3, 1992, 383-397. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.3.3.383
  25. Lee, H., Essays on the New Ways of Work with Information and Communication Technologies, Graduate School of Information, Yonsei University, Seoul, 2015.
  26. Lee, H.S. and B.G. Choi, "Knowledge Management Enablers, Processes, and Organizational Performance : An Integrative View and Empirical Examination", Journal of Management Information Systems, Vol.20, No.1, 2003, 179-228. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2003.11045756
  27. Lee, H.J. and J.G. Park, "Work Design Characteristics of Mobile-Intensive Workers : Implications for Future Work Design", The Impact of ICT on Work J. Lee (ed.), Springer, Singapore, 2016, 175-193.
  28. Lee, H.J., J.G. Park, and J.W. Lee, "Leadership Competencies of IT Project Managers : From Team Social Capital Perspective", Journal of the Korea Society of IT Services, Vol.10, No.4, 2011, 133-147. https://doi.org/10.9716/KITS.2011.10.4.133
  29. Lee, J.W., J.G. Park, and S.Y. Lee, "Raising Team Social Capital with Knowledge and Communication in Information Systems Development Projects", International Journal of Project Management, Vol.33, No.4, 2015a, 797-807. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2014.12.001
  30. Lee, S.Y., J.G. Park, and J.W. Lee, "Explaining Knowledge Sharing with Social Capital Theory in Information Systems Development Projects", Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol.115, No.5, 2015b, 883-900. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-01-2015-0017
  31. Lee, W.L., J.C. Chiang, Y.H. Wu, and C.H. Liu, "How Knowledge Exploration Distance Influences the Quality of Innovation", Total Quality Management and Business Excellence, Vol.23, No.9/10, 2012, 1045-1059. https://doi.org/10.1080/14783363.2012.704288
  32. Leenders, R.T.A., J.M., van Engelen, and J. Kratzer, "Virtuality, Communication, and New Product Team Creativity : a Social Network Perspective", Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, Vol.20, No.1, 2003, 69-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0923-4748(03)00005-5
  33. Lu, Y. and K. Ramamurthy, "Understanding the Link Between Information Technology Capability and Organizational Agility : An Empirical Examination", MIS Quarterly, Vol. 35, No.4, 2011, 931-954. https://doi.org/10.2307/41409967
  34. Martins, E.C. and F. Terblanche, "Building Organisational Culture that Stimulates Creativity and Innovation", European Journal of Innovation Management, Vol.6, No.1, 2003, 64-74.
  35. McCann, J., J. Selsky, and J. Lee, "Building Agility, Resilience and Performance in Turbulent Environments", People and Strategy, Vol. 32, No.3, 2009, 44-51.
  36. McKinney, V., K. Yoon, and F.M. Zahedi, "The Measurement of Web-Customer Satisfaction : An Expectation and Disconfirmation Approach", Information Systems Research, Vol.13, No.3, 2002, 296-315. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.13.3.296.76
  37. Muthusamy, S.K., J.V. Wheeler, and B.L. Simmons, "Self-Managing Work Teams : Enhancing Organizational Innovativeness," Organization Development Journal, Vol.23, No.3, 2005, 53-66.
  38. Narayanan, S., J.M. Swaminathan, and S. Talluri, "Knowledge Diversity, Turnover, and Organizational-Unit Productivity : An Empirical Analysis in a Knowledge-Intensive Context", Production and Operations Management, Vol.23, No.8, 2014, 1332-1351. https://doi.org/10.1111/poms.12039
  39. Paletz, S.B.F. and C.D. Schunn, "A Social-Cognitive Framework of Multidisciplinary Team Innovation", Topics in Cognitive Science, Vol.2, No.1, 2010, 73-95. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-8765.2009.01029.x
  40. Park, J.G., H.J. Lee, and J.W. Lee, "Exploring Antecedents of Knowledge Sharing in Teambased Innovation Activities", Journal of the Korea Society of IT Services, Vol.12, No.3, 2013, 253-271. https://doi.org/10.9716/KITS.2013.12.3.253
  41. Park, J.G., H.J. Lee, and J.W. Lee, "Explicating Moderating Effects of Conflict in the Psychological Mechanism in IT Service Engagement", Journal of the Korea Society of IT Services, Vol.13, No.1, 2014, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.9716/KITS.2014.13.1.001
  42. Park, J.G., H.J. Lee, and J.W. Lee, "Applying Social Exchange Theory in IT Service Relationships : Exploring Roles of Exchange Characteristics in Knowledge Sharing", Information Technology and Management, Vol.16, No.3, 2015, 193-206. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10799-015-0220-x
  43. Park, J.G. and J.W. Lee, "Knowledge sharing in Information Systems Development Projects : Explicating the Role of Dependence and Trust", International Journal of Project Management, Vol.32, No.1, 2014, 153-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2013.02.004
  44. Perez-Nordtvedt, L., B.L. Kedia, D.K. Datta, and A.A. Rasheed, "Effectiveness and Efficiency of Cross-Border Knowledge Transfer : An Empirical Examination", Journal of Management Studies, Vol.45, No.4, 2008, 714-744. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2008.00767.x
  45. Sambamurthy, V., A. Bharadwaj, and V. Grover, "Shaping Agility through Digital Options : Reconceptualizing the Role of Information Technology in Contemporary Firms", MIS Quarterly, Vol.27, No.2, 2003, 237-263. https://doi.org/10.2307/30036530
  46. Spake, D.F. and C.M. Megehee, "Consumer Sociability and Service Provider Expertise Influence on Service Relationship Success", Journal of Services Marketing, Vol.24, No.4, 2010, 314-324. https://doi.org/10.1108/08876041011053024
  47. Spender, J.C., "Making Knowledge the Basis of a Dynamic Theory of the Firm", Strategic Management Journal, Vol.17, 1996, 45-62. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250171106
  48. Sullivan, D. and M. Marvel, "How Entrepreneurs' Knowledge and Network Ties Relate to the Number of Employees in New SMEs", Journal of Small Business Management, Vol.49, No.2, 2011, 185-206. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-627X.2011.00321.x
  49. Tiwana, A. and E.R. McLean, "Expertise Integration and Creativity in Information Systems Development", Journal of Management Information Systems, Vol.22, No.1, 2005, 13-43. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2003.11045836
  50. Tran, Y., P.V. Mahnke, and P.B. Ambos, "The Effect of Quantity, Quality and Timing of Headquarters-initiated Knowledge Flows on Subsidiary Performance", Management International Review, Vol.50, No.4, 2010, 493-511. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-010-0046-z
  51. Tsai, F.S., G. Baugh, S.C. Fang, and J. Lin, "Contingent Contingency : Knowledge Heterogeneity and New Product Development Performance Revisited", Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Vol.31, No.1, 2014, 149-169. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-013-9355-7
  52. van Oosterhout, M., E. Waarts, and J. van Hillegersberg, "Change Factors Requiring Agility and Implications for IT", European Journal of Information Systems, Vol.15, No.2, 2006, 132-145. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ejis.3000601
  53. Wernerfelt, B., "A Resource-Based View of the Firm", Strategic Management Journal, Vol.5, No.2, 1984, 171-180. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250050207
  54. Woodman, R.W., J.E. Sawyer, and R.W. Griffin, "Toward a Theory of Organizational Creativity", The Academy of Management Review, Vol.18, No.2, 1993, 293. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1993.3997517