Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology (한국식품과학회지)

Korean Society of Food Science and Technology (한국식품과학회)
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Effects of fermentation by the commercial starter ABT-5 on the flavor and antioxidant activities of dark chocolate

복합 유산균 스타터 ABT-5를 이용한 발효 다크 초콜릿의 항산화 활성 및 향기 성분

  • Koh, So Yae (Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University) ;
  • Ryu, Ji-Yeon (School of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Jeju National University) ;
  • Kim, Hyeon A (Jekiss Co., Ltd., Research Institute) ;
  • Kim Cho, Somi (Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University)
  • 고소예 (제주대학교 차세대융복합과학기술협동과정) ;
  • 류지연 (제주대학교 바이오소재공학과) ;
  • 김현아 ((주)제키스) ;
  • 김소미 (제주대학교 차세대융복합과학기술협동과정)
  • Received : 2017.08.26
  • Accepted : 2017.10.20
  • Published : 2017.12.31
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Abstract

Chocolate, one of the most popular confectioneries in the world, is known for its aromatic flavor and high antioxidant activities. In this study, we investigated the effects of fermentation with commercially available lactic acid bacteria, ABT-5, on the flavor and antioxidant activities of dark chocolate. During 24 h fermentation, pH decreased from 5.52 to 3.97 and total acidity increased from 0.51 to 1.85%, whereas total polyphenol and flavonoid contents as well as DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities remained unchanged. Furthermore, compared with control HepG2 cells treated with unfermented dark chocolate, those treated with the fermented dark chocolate showed significantly lower levels of reactive oxygen species and higher viability under $H_2O_2-induced$ oxidative stress. Finally, GC-MS and headspace GC-MS analysis detected 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone and 2-furanmethanol, known to enhance flavor, in the fermented dark chocolate. Collectively, these results suggest that ABT-5-fermented dark chocolate could be utilized for developing value-added dark chocolate products.

본 연구는 다크 초콜릿을 복합 유산균 스타터인 ABT-5를 이용하여 발효시켰을 때, 항산화 성분과 활성 그리고 향기 성분의 변화를 발효 전 다크 초콜릿과 비교하였다. 발효 시간에 따른 pH의 감소와 적정 산도의 증가 및 가스 크로마토그래피 분석에 의한 lactic acid 성분비의 증가를 측정함으로써 다크 초콜릿의 발효가 진행되었음을 확인하였다. 6, 12, 그리고 24시간 발효한 다크 초콜릿의 총 폴리페놀과 플라보노이드 함량 및 DPPH와 ABTS 라디칼 소거능 활성이 발효 전 대조구 대비 유사한 수준으로 유지되었다. 한편, 6, 12시간 발효한 다크 초콜릿은 대조구에 대비하여 산화스트레스에 의한 ROS 발생 및 세포 독성으로부터 세포를 유의적으로 보호하였다. 가스 크로마토그래피에서 검출된 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone와 헤드스페이스 가스 크로마토그래피를 통해 검출된 2-furanmethanol은 중요한 향미 성분으로 확인되었으며, 해당 성분들은 발효 다크 초콜릿의 풍미를 증진시킬 것으로 예상되었다. 본 연구에서는 복합유산균을 이용해 다크 초콜릿을 발효했으며, 발효 시간에 따른 항산화 활성의 변화를 분석하였으며, 발효에 의한 다크 초콜릿의 향미 성분의 증가를 측정함으로써 고부가가치 다크 초콜릿 개발 가능성을 제시한다.

Keywords

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