Food Science and Preservation (한국식품저장유통학회지)

The Korean Society of Food Preservation (한국식품저장유통학회)
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Characteristics of wild yeast isolated from non-sterilized Makgeolli in Korea

국내 생막걸리에서 분리한 야생 효모의 특성

  • Jung, Su Ji (Department of Agro-food Resource, National Institute of Agricultural Science) ;
  • Yeo, Soo-Hwan (Department of Agro-food Resource, National Institute of Agricultural Science) ;
  • Mun, Ji-Young (Department of Agro-food Resource, National Institute of Agricultural Science) ;
  • Choi, Han-Seok (Department of Agro-food Resource, National Institute of Agricultural Science) ;
  • Baek, Seong Yeol (Department of Agro-food Resource, National Institute of Agricultural Science)
  • 정수지 (국립농업과학원 농식품자원부) ;
  • 여수환 (국립농업과학원 농식품자원부) ;
  • 문지영 (국립농업과학원 농식품자원부) ;
  • 최한석 (국립농업과학원 농식품자원부) ;
  • 백성열 (국립농업과학원 농식품자원부)
  • Received : 2017.09.29
  • Accepted : 2017.11.14
  • Published : 2017.11.30
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Abstract

Wild yeasts were isolated from domestic non-sterilized Makgeolli and their fermentation characteristics were analyzed to select the best fermentation seed culture. A total of 65 yeast strains isolated yeasts from non-sterilized Makgeolli and Nuruk. In order to select fermentable strains, hydrogen sulfide, $CO_2$ production ability, alcohol tolerance and aroma component production ability were analyzed. To screen the aromatic strains of isolates, media containing cerulenin, 5,5,5-trifluor-DL-leucine (TFL) and API ZYM kit were used. There were 36 strains resistance to cerulenin and all strains produced esterase and demonstrated tolerance against TFL. Hydrogen sulfide, which could degrade the quality of the fermented beverage, was not produced in 34 yeast. The correlation between alcohol tolerance of yeast and carbon dioxide production was analyzed by principal component analysis. YM22, YM31, YM32 and YM37 produced a total of 0.14-0.18 g/72 h of $CO_2$ indicating high fermentability. Alcohol tolerance was measured by alcohol concentration. YM32, YM37 yeast had 20% alcohol tolerance. As a result, alcohol and flavor characteristics of wild yeast isolated from non-sterilized Makgeolli were analyzed and it was confirmed that yeast was suitable for the production of alcohol.

본 연구는 각 지역의 생막걸리에서 분리된 야생 효모의 다앙한 발효학적 특성을 조사하기 위해 34종을 수집하고 효모를 분리, 동정하였다. 야생효모는 62 균주로 분리되었고, 26S rDNA 염기서열을 분석한 결과, Saccharomyces cerevisiae와 Pichia kudriavzevii로 동정 되었다. 62개의 균주들 중 발효학적 특성이 우수한 균주들을 선발하기 위해 황화수소와 $CO_2$ 생성능, 알코올 내성, 응집성 및 향기 성분 생성능을 분석하였다. 알코올 내성과 $CO_2$ 생성능의 상관성을 확인하기 위해 주성분분석(Principal Components Analysis)을 하였다. PC1 양의 방향에 강하게 부하되는 균주는 YM37, YM31, YM32, YM22로 분석되었으며, 총 0.14-0.18 g/72 h의 $CO_2$ 생성으로 대조군에 비해 높은 발효능을 보였고, 이들 중 YM22를 제외하고 불쾌취인 황화수소를 생성하지 않았다. 또한 이 4개의 균주들은 알코올 내성 15% 이상을 보유하며, 응집성은 0.5-1.0 mL 사이인 flocculation type으로 확인되었다. API 분석 및 cerulenin, TFL 저항성을 실험한 결과, 향기성분 생성능이 좋은 효모는 황화수소와 알코올 내성, 응집성 실험에서 우수한 발효학적 특성을 보인 YM37, YM31, YM32, YM22를 포함한 총 33개로 확인되었다. 이러한 결과를 통해 우리나라 생막걸리에서 분리한 야생 효모의 알코올 발효 및 향미 특성을 확인하였으며, 분리된 야생 효모는 주류 제조의 종균 효모로 이용 가능성을 확인하였다.

Keywords

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