Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology (대한임상독성학회지)

Korean society of Clincal Toxicology (대한임상독성학회)
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Low-dose Intravenous N-acetylcysteine for the Prevention of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Emergency Patients Undergoing Computed Tomography

전산화단층촬영을 시행받는 응급환자에서 조영제 유도 신독성 예방을 위한 저용량 아세틸시스테인 정맥투여

  • Lee, Tae Wan (Department of Emergency Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital) ;
  • Kim, Ji-Hoon (Department of Emergency Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital) ;
  • Choi, Seung Pil (Department of Emergency Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital)
  • 이태완 (가톨릭대학교 의과대학 응급의학교실) ;
  • 김지훈 (가톨릭대학교 의과대학 응급의학교실) ;
  • 최승필 (가톨릭대학교 의과대학 응급의학교실)
  • Received : 2017.08.16
  • Accepted : 2017.09.05
  • Published : 2017.12.31
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Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of low-dose intravenous N-acetylcysteine on the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients undergoing computed tomography (CT). Methods: All patients presenting to our emergency department and undergoing CT with intravenous contrast media between August 2014 and April 2016 were retrospectively enrolled. We included hospitalized patients with renal dysfunction [estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) between 30 and $89mL/min/1.73m^2$]. A 600-mg injection of N-acetylcysteine was given to patients once before and once immediately after CT, depending on the preference of physician. The primary outcome was CIN defined as an increase in creatinine level of ${\geq}25%$ or ${\geq}0.5mg/dL$ from the baseline within 48 to 72 hours after CT. A trained person blindly reviewed all medical records. Results: Of the 1903 admitted patients, CIN occurred in 9.8% of patients who received 1200 mg intravenous N-acetylcysteine (24/244) and 6.8% of patients who did not (113/1659, p=0.090). In a multivariable regression analysis, N-acetylcystine was not relevant to the prevention of CIN (odds ratio=1.42 [95% CI, 0.90-2.26]). Even in the stratified analysis using the propensity score matching, N-acetylcysteine was irrelevant (GFR 30-59: odds ratio=1.06 [95% CI, 0.43-2.60]; GFR 60-89: odds ratio=1.76 [95% CI, 0.75-4.14]). After adjustment, crystalloids were significantly associated with the reduction in CIN compared with dextrose water (odds ratio=0.60 [95% CI, 0.37-0.97]). Conclusion: No effect was found when low-dose intravenous N-acetylcysteine was used to prevent CIN. However, there seems to be an association between crystalloids and reduction in CIN.

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