Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship (벤처창업연구)

The Korean Society of Business Venturing (한국벤처창업학회)
권호 표지

The Effect on Technology Innovation Performance of Private-Public R&D Cooperation of ICT SMEs: Focused on Collaboration with Government-funded Research Institutes

ICT 중소기업의 산·연 R&D협력이 기술혁신성과에 미치는 영향: 출연연구기관과의 협력을 중심으로

  • Received : 2017.10.12
  • Accepted : 2017.12.01
  • Published : 2017.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In Korea, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play an pivotal role in the national economy, accounting for 99.9% of all enterprises, 87.9% of total employment, and 48.3% of production. In spite of their crucial role in the national development, most of SMEs suffer from a lack of R&D related resources. Public R&D organizations such as government-funded research institutes can provide SMEs with valuable supplementary technological knowledge and help them build technological capacity. In this regard, this study estimated the effect of internal R&D investment and private-public R&D cooperation on technological innovation of ICT SMEs based on 2016 ETRI Survey. Building on previous literatures, the study established and tested a research model using binary logistic regression analysis. First, internal R&D investment and preferences for open innovation demonstrated the strengthening of R&D collaboration. Second, internal R&D investment and R&D cooperation showed a positive effect on both product and process innovation. Therefore, internal R&D capability and taking advantage of R&D collaboration are needed to achieve technological innovation for SMEs in ICT sector. This study also discuss implications for encouraging private-public R&D cooperation.

우리나라의 중소기업은 전체 사업체 수의 99.9%, 사업체 종사자 수의 87.9%를 차지하는 등 국가경제의 근간을 형성하고 있다. 하지만 대부분의 중소기업은 자금은 물론 연구인력, 연구시설 장비 등 기술개발(R&D)에 필요한 역량 확보에 상당한 어려움을 겪고 있다. 이러한 상황에서 출연연구기관과의 R&D협력은 새로운 기술과 신제품 개발에 필요한 과학기반 지식의 획득과 활용 등 중소기업의 기술혁신을 도모함으로써 기업이 기술력을 토대로 지속 성장하는데 중요한 전략적 수단이 될 수 있다. 이에 본 연구는 2016년 한국전자통신연구원(ETRI)의 산 연 기술협력 수요조사를 이용하여, 기업이 출연연구기관과 R&D협력을 하는데 영향을 미치는 기업의 특성요인을 분석하고, 기업의 기술역량과 산 연 R&D협력이 기술혁신 성과에 미치는 효과를 이분형 로지스틱 모형(Binary Logistic Model)으로 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 첫째로 기업의 기술역량과 관계적 특성이 출연연구기관과의 R&D협력을 강화할 가능성이 있음을 보였다. 둘째, 기업의 기술역량과 산 연 R&D협력은 제품혁신과 공정혁신 모두에서 긍정적인 효과가 존재함을 확인하였다. 따라서 중소기업이 기술혁신 성과를 달성하기 위해서는 출연연구기관과의 R&D협력과 내부 기술역량의 확보가 필요하며, 산 연 R&D협력의 활성화가 요구됨을 시사한다. 이러한 분석결과를 토대로 본 연구에서는 중소기업의 기술혁신 도모를 위한 출연연구기관의 역할 방향에 관한 시사점을 R&D협력 활성화 측면에서 제시한다.

Keywords

References

  1. Ahn, C. S., & Lee, Y. D.(2011). An Empirical Analysis of the Influence Factors on Open Innovation Activities in Korea, Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society, 14(3), 431-465.
  2. Ahuja, G.(2000). Collaboration Networks, Structural Holes, and Innovation: A Longitudinal Study, Administrative Science Quarterly, 45, 425-455. https://doi.org/10.2307/2667105
  3. Anand, B. N., & Khanna, T.(2000). Do Firms Learn to Create Value? The Case of Alliances, Strategic Management Journal, 21(3), 295-315. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(200003)21:3<295::AID-SMJ91>3.0.CO;2-O
  4. Barnes, T., Pashby, I., & Gibbons, A.(2002). Effective University-Industry Interaction: A Multi-case Evaluation of Collaborative R&D Projects, European Management Journal, 20(3), 272-285. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0263-2373(02)00044-0
  5. Camagni, R.(1991). Innovation Networks: Spatial Perspectives, Belhaven Press, London.
  6. Cassiman, B., & Veugelers, R.(2002). R&D Cooperation and Spillovers: Some Empirical Evidence from Belgium, The American Economic Review, 92(4), 1169-1184. https://doi.org/10.1257/00028280260344704
  7. Cohen, W. M., & Levinthal, D. A.(1990). Absorptive Capacity: A New Perspective on Learning and Innovation, Administrative Science Quarterly, 35(1), 128-152. https://doi.org/10.2307/2393553
  8. Choi, E. Y., & Park, J. S.(2015). The Role of Internal R&D and R&D Cooperation in Technological Innovation, Journal of Technology Innovation, 23(1), 61-86. https://doi.org/10.14386/SIME.2015.23.1.61
  9. Choi, J. Y.(2015). Relationship Analysis among Entrepreneurship, Innovation Capability, External Cooperation, and Technological Innovation Performance for Venture Companies, Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 10(5), 219-231. https://doi.org/10.16972/apjbve.10.5.201510.219
  10. Chung, E. Y., Lee, K. B., & Choi, M. K.(2013). The Structural Relationship between R&D Resources and Innovation Performance in Manufacturing Industry : With a Special Emphasis on Internal R&D Capability, External R&D Collaboration, and Governmental Support, POSRI, 13(1), 100-124.
  11. Dodgson, M.(1992). The Strategic Management of R&D Collaboration, Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 4(3), 227-244. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537329208524096
  12. ETRI(2016). 2016 Market Demand Forcasting, Daejeon: ETRI.
  13. George, G., Zahra, S. A., Wheatley, K. K., & Khan, R.(2002). The Effects of Alliance Portfolio Characteristics and Absorptive Capacity on Performance: A Study of Biotechnology Firms, Journal of High Technology Management Research, 12, 205-226.
  14. Gulati, R.(1995). Does Familiarity Breed Trust? The Implications of Related Ties for Contractual Choice in Alliances, Academy of Management Journal, 38(1), 85-112. https://doi.org/10.2307/256729
  15. Gulati, R.(1998). Alliances and Networks, Strategic Management Journal, 19, 293-317. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199804)19:4<293::AID-SMJ982>3.0.CO;2-M
  16. Gulati, R., & Singh, H.(1998). The Architecture of Cooperation: Managing Coordination Costs and Appropriation Concerns in Strategic Alliances, Administrative Science Quarterly, 43, 781-814. https://doi.org/10.2307/2393616
  17. Hagedoorn, J.(1993). Understanding the Rationale of Strategic Technology Partnering: Inter-organizational Modes of Cooperation and Sectoral Differences, Strategic Management Journal, 14, 371-385. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250140505
  18. Hagedoorn, J., & Schakenraad, J.(1994). The Effect of Strategic Technology Alliances on Company Performance, Strategic Management Journal, 15, 291-309. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250150404
  19. Hamel, G.(1991). Competition for Competence and Inter-partner Learning within International Strategic Alliances, Strategic Management Journal, 12, 83-103.
  20. Huston, L., & Sakkab, N.(2006). Connect and Develop: Inside Procter & Gamble's New Model for Innovation, Harvard Business Review, 84(3), 68-76.
  21. Jeong, D. B., Koh, Y. M., & Kim, K. N.(2012). An Analysis of Industry-University-Institute R&D Collaboration and Firm Performance on SMEs, Journal of Technology Innovation, 20(1), 115-140.
  22. Jun, S. P., Sung, T. E., & Seo, J. H.(2016). A Study on the Relationship between R&D Information Support Programs and SME Performances: With Focus on ICT SMEs, Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society, 19(1), 48-79.
  23. Kang, W. J., Lee, B. H., & Oh, W. G.(2012). The Effects of the Utilization of External Resources on the Technological Innovation Performance Along the Stages of Growth in Korean Ventures, Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 7(1), 35-45.
  24. KBIZ(2016), SME Status Indicators 2016.
  25. Kim, K. S., Seo, J. H., & Han, S. Y.(2000). A Study on the Governmental Programs for Promoting Cooperative R&D: Status and Future Direction, Seoul; STEPI.
  26. Kim, S. J., & Yong, S. J.(2011). A Study on Determinant Factors of the Joint Technology Development Project Performance between SMEs and Universities, Journal of Technology Innovation, 19(1), 145-175.
  27. Kim, W. K., & Park, J. W.(2002). The Strategic Alliances and Corporation Valuation, Korean Journal of Financial Management, 19(1), 67-106.
  28. Kim, Y. J.(2005). Technological Collaboration Linkages and the Innovation Output in Small and Medium-sized Firms: A Study on the Moderating Effects of Absorptive Capacity, Korean Management Review, 34(5), 1365-1390.
  29. KOVA(2016). 2016 Survey on Actual state of ICT SMEs.
  30. Laursen, K., & Salter, A.(2006). Open for Innovation: The Role of Openness in Explaining Innovation Performance among UK Manufacturing Firms, Strategic Management Journal, 27(2), 131-150. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.507
  31. Lee, C., Lee, K., & Pennings, J. M.(2001). Internal Capabilities, External Networks, and Performance: A Study on Technology-based Ventures, Strategic Management Journal, 22, 615-640. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.181
  32. Lee, C. W.(2013). Research Trends and Issues of Industrial Agglomeration in Korean Geography, Journal of the Korean Ceographical Society, 48(5), 629-650.
  33. Lee, H. S., & Lim J. H.(2015). SPSS 22 Manual, Seoul: JYPHYUNJAE.
  34. Lee, J.(1995). Small Firms' Innovation in Two Technological Settings, Research Policy, 24(3), 391-401. https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-7333(93)00772-L
  35. Lee, K. J., Choe, B. H.(2006). An Empirical Study on the Determinants of R&D Cooperation, The Korean Journal of Industrial Organization, 14(4), 67-102.
  36. Lee, U. O., Lee, J. J., & Bobe, B.(1993). Technological Cooperation between European and Korean Small Firms: the Pattern and Success Factors of Contracts, International Journal of Management, 8(6/7/8), 764-781.
  37. Love, H. J., & Roper, S.(1999). The Determinants of Innovation: R&D, Technology Transfer and Networking Effects, Review of Industrial Organization, 15(1), 43-64. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007757110963
  38. Mitchell, W., & Singh, K.(1996). Survival of Businesses using Collaborative Relationships to Commercialize Complex Goods, Strategic Management Journal, 17(3), 169-195. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199603)17:3<169::AID-SMJ801>3.0.CO;2-#
  39. Moon, H. S., & Park, J. B.(2014). Some Considerations on the Empirical Studies for Determinants of R&D Alliance, Issue Paper 2014-353, Seoul: KIET.
  40. Park, E. B., & Kim, C. H.(2003). A Study on Critical Success Factors for Strategic Alliance: Focused on Factors of Information System on Enterprise, International Business Review, 7(2), 37-56. https://doi.org/10.21739/IBR.2003.12.7.2.37
  41. Park, W., Kim, E. J., & Park, H. Y.(2016). An Empirical Analysis of the Influence Factors on Private-Public R&D Collaboration of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in ICT Sector, Asia Pacific Journal of Small Business, 38(2), 25-44.
  42. Park, W., Park, H. Y., & Yeom, M. B.(2017). An Empirical Analysis on the Factors Affecting Private-Public Technology Alliances of ICT SMEs: Focused on Roles of Government-funded Research Institutes, 2017 KMSK Conference on Industry 4.0 and Leadership of Knowledge Management.
  43. Powell, W. W., Koput, K., & Simth-Doerr, L.(1996). Inter-organizational Collaboration and the Locus of Innovation: Networks of Learning in Biotechnology, Administrative Science Quarterly, 41(1), 116-145. https://doi.org/10.2307/2393988
  44. Rogers, M.(2004). Networks, Firm Size and Innovation, Small Business Economics, 22(2), 141-153. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:SBEJ.0000014451.99047.69
  45. Shim, S. K.(2007). Suggestion for Enhancing Technological Competitiveness of Innovative Small and Medium Sized Enterprises, Science and Technology Policy, 165, 14-23.
  46. Shin, D. Y.(2002). Antecedents and Outcomes of Inter-Partner Trust in Global Interorganizational Cooperation Networks=Interoganizational Cooperation Networks and Trust-Based Governance, Journal of Strategic Management, 5(2), 49-84.
  47. Song, J. Y., & Kim, H. C.(2007). Knowledge Transfer and Acquisition Through Strategic Alliances: A Study of Asian Firms' Strategic Alliances in the High-tech Sector, Journal of Strategic Management, 10(1), 1-18.
  48. Tidd, J., Bessant, J., & Pavitt, K.(2001). Manageing Innovation: Integrating Technological, Market and Organizational Change, John Wiley, Chichester, UK.
  49. Yeom, M. B.(2016). Groping a New Paradigm of Fiscal Policy in Order to Overcome Fiscal Trilemma in the Low-Growth Age, Korean Journal of Public Finance, 9(1), 45-85.
  50. Yoon, B. U.(2008). Open Innovation in SMEs: Model, Methodology and Policy, STEPI.
  51. Zahra, S. A., & George, G.(2002). Absorptive Capacity: A Review, Reconceptualization, and Extension, Academy of Management Review, 27(2), 185-203. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2002.6587995
  52. Zollo, M., Reuer, J. J., & Singh, H.(2001). Experience Trajectories, Governance Design, and the Performance of High-tech Alliances, Working paper series, NSEAD.