DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Validity and Reliability of Professional Identity of Dental Hygienists

치과위생사 전문직 정체성 측정도구의 타당도와 신뢰도

  • 김형미 (남서울대학교 치위생학과) ;
  • 조영식 (남서울대학교 치위생학과)
  • Received : 2017.10.14
  • Accepted : 2017.11.28
  • Published : 2017.12.31

Abstract

This study aimed to develop a measure of professional identity for Korean dental hygienists and to analyze the factors and characteristics of professional identity of these dental hygienists. In this study, 890 dental hygienists completed a self-administered survey. The final analysis was conducted with a total of 880 responses, excluding 10 questionnaires with unreliable responses and partial responses. A systematic literature review was conducted to establish the definition of professional identity, while content validity, exploratory factor, confirmatory factor, and reliability analysis were conducted to establish the constructive factors. Descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, and one-way ANOVA were used to identify the level of each factor. Authors conceptualized the professional identity for Korean dental hygienists and item generation, item reduction, and questionnaire formatting. The developed measure of professional identity for dental hygienists consisted of five factors, with 15 items. "Sense of calling," "need for academic capacity building," "performance of delegated authority," "compliance of code of ethics," and "usage of professional organizations" were the constituent factors. Based on these factors, the level of professional identity was the highest in the "performance of delegated authority" and lowest in the "usage of professional organizations." These finding indicated that dental hygienists with higher education levels have higher professional identity levels. The dental hygienists working at the general/university hospital had the highest level of professional identity. Thus, further research is needed to establish a model that consists of factors affecting and influencing the professional identity of dental hygienists.

본 연구의 목적은 치과위생사 전문직 정체성의 정의와 구성 요인을 정립하고 이를 반영한 측정도구를 개발하여 평가한 후 이를 활용하여 국내 치과위생사 전문직 정체성의 수준과 특성을 분석하는 것이다. 2015년 7월 25일부터 2016년 10월 24일까지 3회에 걸쳐 편의추출한 880명의 치과위생사에게 설문조사를 실시하였다. 전문직 정체성의 정의를 정립하기 위해 체계적 문헌고찰을 실시하였고, 구성 요인을 정립하기 위해 내용타당도 분석, 탐색적 요인분석, 확인적 요인분석, 신뢰도 분석을 실시하였으며, 요인별 수준을 파악하기 위해 기술통계, 독립표본 t검정, 일원배치분산분석을 실시하였다. 치과위생사의 전문직 정체성 정의에 따른 구성 요인은 '직업적 소명의식', '학문적 역량강화 욕구', '위임된 권한 발휘도', '윤리강령 준수도', '전문직 단체 활용도' 등 5개로 나타났고, 하나의 구성 요인당 3개의 문항으로 총 15개 문항으로 개발되었으며 타당도와 신뢰도는 양호한 수준이었다. 본 연구 대상자의 전문직 정체성은 5점 기준에 3.72점으로 나타났다. 구성 요인 중 위임된 권한 발휘도가 4.50점으로 가장 높았으며, 전문직 단체 활용도가 2.96점으로 가장 낮았다. 일반적 특성에 따른 전문직 정체성 수준을 평가한 결과, 최종 학력이 높아질수록 전문직 정체성이 높아지는 것으로 나타났고, 근무기관종별에서는 종합/대학병원에 근무하는 치과위생사의 전문직 정체성이 가장 높았다. 치과위생사의 전문직 정체성에 영향을 미치는 선행요인과 전문직 정체성이 영향을 미치는 결과요인에 대한 후속연구가 이뤄진다면 전문직 정체성을 중심으로 한 모형을 확립할 수 있을 것이다. 치과위생사의 역할이 시대적 요구에 의해 변화하고 있는 시점에서 치과위생사의 전문직 정체성은 치과위생사에게 중요한 변수이다. 본 연구를 통해 개발된 측정도구는 향후 치과위생사 전문직 정체성에 대한 후속 연구에 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

Keywords

References

  1. The significance of development history and chronological division. In: Korean Dental Hygienists Association, Korean Association of Dental Hygiene Professors, eds. The history of dental hygiene education in Korea. 1st ed. Daehan Narae Publishing Inc., Seoul, pp.18-25, 2015.
  2. Ministry of Health and Welfare: Ministry of health and welfare statistical yearbook 2016. 1st ed. Iemun Co., Osong, p.578, 2016.
  3. The educational institution. In: Korean Dental Hygienists Association, Korean Association of Dental Hygiene Professors, eds. The history of dental hygiene education in Korea. 1st ed. Daehan Narae Publishing Inc., Seoul, pp.176-199, 2015.
  4. Kim JY, Kim YS, Jung SH, Shin JW: The necessity for the Korean dental hygiene accreditation system. J Korean Soc Dent Hyg 14: 789-794, 2014. https://doi.org/10.13065/jksdh.2014.14.06.789
  5. Official Gazette: Date search. Retrieved September 5, 2016, from http://theme.archives.go.kr/viewer/common/archWeb Viewer.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0028019447#2.pdf (1967, August 23).
  6. Official Gazette: Date search. Retrieved September 5, 2016, from http://theme.archives.go.kr/viewer/common/archWebViewer.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0028527842#15(1973, February 16).
  7. National Law Information Center: Enforcement degree of medical assistance act Article 2. Retrieved September 5, 2016, from http://www.law.go.kr/lsInfoP.do?lsiSeq=25330# 0000(1966, July 25).
  8. National Law Information Center: Enforcement degree of medical technologists, etc. act Article 2. Retrieved September 5, 2016, from https://goo.gl/23oiHs(2011, November 16).
  9. Jang HY, Lee SR, Lee YJ, et al.: Awareness and need as factors in an incremental oral health care program for Korean adults. J Dent Hyg Sci 16: 442-448, 2016. https://doi.org/10.17135/jdhs.2016.16.6.442
  10. Kim HM, Lim SR, Bae HS: The professionalization of American dental hygienist. J Dent Hyg Sci 14: 276-286, 2014. https://doi.org/10.17135/jdhs.2014.14.3.276
  11. Wilkins EM: Clinical practice of the dental hygienist. 11th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, p.4, 2012.
  12. American Dental Hygienists Association: Education & careers. Retrieved September 5, 2016, from http://www.adha.org/adha-transformational-whitepaper(2015).
  13. Um YR: An idea for professional ethical practice: positive ethics. J Hum Stud (27): 141-166, 2014.
  14. Min WH, Lee HS, Kim HM: A study on the effect of professional identity as a social worker on the job satisfaction of probation officers. Korean J Probat 10: 189-225, 2010.
  15. Greenwood E: Attributes of a profession. Soc Work 2: 45-55, 1957.
  16. Ibarra H: Provisional selves: experimenting with image and identity in professional adaptation. Adm Sci Quart 44: 764- 791, 1999. https://doi.org/10.2307/2667055
  17. Lee JY: A study on the influential factors of the dental hygienist's professionalism. J Dent Hyg Sci 11: 573-581, 2011.
  18. Hall RH: Some organizational considerations in the professional-organizational relationship. Adm Sci Quart 12: 461-478, 1967. https://doi.org/10.2307/2391315
  19. Snizek WE: Hall's professionalism scale: an empirical reassessment. Am Sociol Rev 37: 109-114, 1972. https://doi.org/10.2307/2093498
  20. Kim JS, Yu KL: A moderating effect of professional identity for the professional school counselors in the relationship between role conflict and burnout. Korean J Couns Psychother 22: 53-69, 2010.
  21. Lim SO, Kim HH: The moderating effects of professional identity on the relationship between job stress and burnout of care workers from care facilities. J Korean Soc Welf Adm 13: 151-176, 2011.
  22. Kim JH, Ahn HY, Eom MR, Lee MY: A study of emergency room nurse’s burn-out, nursing performance, and professional identity. Korean J Occup Health Nurs 19: 50-59, 2010.
  23. Kim DH, Shon MJ: The effects of socio-demographic characteristics of physical therapist for the awareness of necessity of opening independent clinic & professionalism of the physical therapist. J Korea Contents Assoc 15: 378-386, 2015.
  24. Cho BH: A study on professional and occupational satisfaction of practitioners. Korean J Sociol 28: 37-64, 1994.
  25. Yoo HJ, Yoo TY, Chung TI, Bae SH, Jo AR: Scale development of occupational identity and testing model of antecedents and outcome variables of occupational identity. Korean J Ind Organ Psychol 27: 617-642, 2014.
  26. National Law Information Center: Medical technologists, etc. act Article 1-2. Retrieved September 5, 2016, from https://goo.gl/8EtN6Y(1982, April 2).
  27. Lee K, Hur Y: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of medical professionalism core attributes scale. Korean J Med Educ 24: 339-346, 2012. https://doi.org/10.3946/kjme.2012.24.4.339
  28. Cho BH: Sociology of medical problems: contradictions and reforms of the Korean medical system. 2nd ed. Taeilsa, Daegu, 2000.
  29. Lee SM: A study on the professional identity of dental hygienists. J Korean Acad Dent Hyg Educ 9: 99-109, 2009.
  30. Lee SM, Kim SH: Effect of clinical practice of dental hygiene students on professional identity. J Korean Soc Dent Hyg 11: 189-196, 2011.
  31. Kim HY, Lee HS: Professionalization of life long educators in South Korea. J Lifelong Learn Soc 8: 157-185, 2012. https://doi.org/10.26857/JLLS.2012.08.8.2.157

Cited by

  1. 의료인 치과위생사의 전문능력 향상을 위한 치위생학과 교육과정 제안 vol.18, pp.6, 2017, https://doi.org/10.13065/jksdh.20180076
  2. 치과위생사의 역할스트레스, 회복탄력성, 전문직정체성이 소진에 미치는 영향 vol.18, pp.5, 2018, https://doi.org/10.13065/jksdh.20180059
  3. 국내 작업치료사의 전문직 정체성에 대한 타당성 연구 vol.22, pp.2, 2021, https://doi.org/10.5762/kais.2021.22.2.240