Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회지)

The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Determination of Glycyrrhizic Acid Content and Anti-Diabetic Effect of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Depending on Cultivation Region

재배지역별 감초의 Glycyrrhizic Acid 함량 분석과 항당뇨 효능 평가

  • Jang, Da Eun (Functional Food & Nutrition Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Song, Jin (Functional Food & Nutrition Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Hwang, In Guk (Functional Food & Nutrition Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Lee, Sang Hoon (Functional Food & Nutrition Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Choe, Jeong-Sook (Functional Food & Nutrition Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Hwang, Kyung-A (Functional Food & Nutrition Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration)
  • 장다은 (국립농업과학원 기능성식품과) ;
  • 송진 (국립농업과학원 기능성식품과) ;
  • 황인국 (국립농업과학원 기능성식품과) ;
  • 이상훈 (국립농업과학원 기능성식품과) ;
  • 최정숙 (국립농업과학원 기능성식품과) ;
  • 황경아 (국립농업과학원 기능성식품과)
  • Received : 2016.08.18
  • Accepted : 2016.09.27
  • Published : 2017.01.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study investigated the glycyrrhizic acid content and anti-diabetic activities of Glycyrrhiza uralensis (GU) depending on the cultivation region (Jecheon, Youngju, Gokseong, China, and Uzbekistan). Glycyrrhizic acid accuracy recovery and intra- and inter-day precisions (RSD%) of the method were calculated at 99.10~107.07% and 3.92 and 6.31% for GU samples, respectively, whereas the limits of detection and quantitation were 0.14 and $0.20{\mu}g/mL$. Anti-diabetic activity was measured by ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ and glucose uptake. GU (20 g) was extracted with 70% ethanol at $70^{\circ}C$ for 6 h. The Jecheon and Gokseong GU showed good inhibitory activity compared to the control. The Jecheon, Youngju, and Uzbekistan GU ethanol extracts ($100{\mu}g/mL$) showed glucose uptakes (in $C_2C_{12}$ myotube) of 124.19, 127.18, and 126.92%, respectively, compared to the positive control. In conclusion, these methods were validated for detection of glycyrrhizic acid in GU, and the results indicate that GU might have potential anti-diabetic activities.

본 연구에서는 생산지역별 감초의 물질 표준화를 위해 주요지표성분 중 glycyrrhizic acid를 지표물질로 선정하고 정량분석을 위해 분석법 검증을 수행하였다. 감초의 glycyrrhizic acid의 분석법 검증은 특이성, 직선성, 검출 및 정량한계, 정확성, 정밀성을 구하여 확립하였다. 확립된 분석 방법으로 시험한 국내외 생산지역별 감초의 glycyrrhizic acid 정량 분석 결과 국내산 중에서는 제천산이, 수입산 중에서는 우즈베키스탄산이 각각 16.98, 54.22 mg/g으로 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 또한, 현대인의 심각한 대사질환 중 하나인 당뇨병 예방 및 개선에 효과적인 기능성 천연물 소재를 발굴하고 항당뇨 효과 검증을 위해 생산지역별 감초 에탄올 추출물의 ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ 저해 활성 및 glucose uptake 활성을 평가하였다. ${\alpha}-Glucosidase$ 저해 활성은 국내외 5종 중 제천, 곡성지역의 감초에서 무처리군 대비 높은 저해 활성을 보였고, 우즈베키스탄산은 유의적인 활성이 나타나지 않았다. Glucose uptake 활성의 경우 인슐린 처리를 한 대조군 대비 제천, 영주, 우즈베키스탄 지역의 감초에서 각각 24.19, 27.18, 26.92% 유의적으로 증가함을 확인하였다. 따라서 본 연구의 지표성분 분석, 분석법 검증 결과 및 생리활성 평가는 생산지역별 감초의 물질 표준화 및 품질 평가의 기초자료를 제공하는 데 큰 의미가 있으며, 감초가 대사질환인 당뇨 예방 및 개선에 효과적인 생약식품 소재로의 개발 가능성을 확보하였다. ${\alpha}-Glucosidase$ 저해 활성 및 glucose uptake 활성 평가뿐만 아니라 감초에 함유된 많은 물질연구를 통해 알려지지 않은 활성에 관한 계속된 추후 연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다.

Keywords

References

  1. Brem H, Tomic-Canic M. 2007. Cellular and molecular basis of wound healing in diabetes. J Clin Invest 117: 1219-1222. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI32169
  2. Liu M, Wu K, Mao X, Wu Y, Ouyang J. 2010. Astragalus polysaccharide improves insulin sensitivity in KKAy mice: regulation of PKB/GLUT4 signaling in skeletal muscle. J Ethnopharmacol 127: 32-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2009.09.055
  3. Pinhas-Hamiel O, Zeitler P. 2005. The global spread of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents. J Pediatr 146: 693-700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2004.12.042
  4. Baynes JW, Thorpe SR. 1999. Role of oxidative stress in diabetic complications: a new perspective on an old paradigm. Diabetes 48: 1-9. https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.48.1.1
  5. Vincent AM, Russell JW, Low P, Feldman EL. 2004. Oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. Endocr Rev 25: 612-628. https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2003-0019
  6. Ríos JL, Francini F, Schinella GR. 2015. Natural products for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Planta Med 81: 975-994. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1546131
  7. Shibata S, Inoue H, Iwata S, Ma R, Yu L, Ueyama H, Takayasu J, Hasegawa T, Tokuda H, Nishino A, Nishino H, Iwashima A. 1991. Inhibitory effects of licochalcone A isolated from Glycyrrhiza inflata root on inflammatory ear edema and tumour promotion in mice. Planta Med 57: 221-224. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-960078
  8. Han SB, Gu HA, Kim SJ, Kim HJ, Kwon SS, Kim HS, Jeon SH, Hwang JP, Park SN. 2013. Comparative study on antioxidative activity of Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Glycyrrhiza glabra extracts by country of origin. J Soc Cosmet Sci Korea 39: 1-8.
  9. Woo KS, Hwang IG, Noh YH, Jeong HS. 2007. Antioxidant activity of heated licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch) extracts in Korea. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 36: 689-695. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2007.36.6.689
  10. Kim SJ, Kweon DH, Lee JH. 2006. Investigation of antioxidative activity and stability of ethanol extracts of licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra). Korean J Food Sci Technol 38: 584-588.
  11. Ha JH, Lee HM, Kwon SS, Kim HS, Kim MJ, Jeon SH, Park J. 2013. Screening of effective extraction conditions for increasing antioxidant activities of licorice extracts from various countries of origin. J Soc Cosmet Sci Korea 39: 259-269.
  12. Park CJ, Park CS. 2007. The antibacterial and antioxidative activity of licorice and spice water extracts. Korean J Food Cook Sci 23: 793-799.
  13. Hong JS, Kang BG, Jang YS, Kim SH, Wang Z, Park YH, Park JH, Lim SS. 2014. Studies on standardization of licorice based on its active components with on-line HPLC bioassay system. Korean J Plant Resour 27: 401-414. https://doi.org/10.7732/kjpr.2014.27.5.401
  14. Song Y, Wang J, Li Y, Du Y, Arteel GE, Saari JT, Kang YJ, Cai L. 2005. Cardiac metallothionein synthesis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, and its protection against diabetes-induced cardiac injury. Am J Pathol 167: 17-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9440(10)62949-5
  15. Cai L, Kang YJ. 2001. Oxidative stress and diabetic cardiomyopathy: a brief review. Cardiovasc Toxicol 1: 181-193. https://doi.org/10.1385/CT:1:3:181
  16. Um Y, Shim K, Lee J, Park H, Ma J. 2009. Quantitative analysis of glycyrrhizic acid in fermented Glycyrrhizae Radix by HPLC. Korean J Oriental Med 15: 85-89.
  17. Yu YB, Kim MJ, Huang DS, Ha HK, Ma JY, Shin HK. 2007. Quantitative analysis of liquiritin and glycyrrhizin in Glycyrrhizae Radix by HPLC-MS/MS. Anal Sci Technol 20: 331-338.
  18. Hennell JR, Lee S, Khoo CS, Gray MJ, Bensoussan A. 2008. The determination of glycyrrhizic acid in Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. ex DC. (Zhi Gan Cao) root and the dried aqueous extract by LC-DAD. J Pharm Biomed Anal 47: 494-500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2008.01.037
  19. Wang P, Li SFY, Lee HK. 1998. Determination of glycyrrhizic acid and 18-$\beta$-glycyrrhetinic acid in biological fluids by micellar electrokinetic chromatography. J Chromatogr A 811: 219-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(98)00279-9
  20. MFDS. 2014. The Korean pharmacopoeia. 11th ed. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju, Korea.
  21. AOAC. 2002. AOAC guidelines for single laboratory validation of chemical methods for dietary supplements and botanicals. AOAC International, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
  22. MFDS. 2006. Study on the isolation of bioactive components and the identification of biomarker genes from oriental herbal medicines-project 1: Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Ponciri trifoliata). Report of Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Seoul, Korea. p 13.
  23. Lee BB, Park SR, Han CS, Han DY, Park EJ, Park HR, Lee SC. 2008. Antioxidant activity and inhibition activity against $\alpha$-amylase and $\alpha$-glucosidase of Viola mandshurica extracts. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 37: 405-409. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2008.37.4.405
  24. Deng YT, Chang TW, Lee MS, Lin JK. 2012. Suppression of free fatty acid-induced insulin resistance by phytopolyphenols in C2C12 mouse skeletal muscle cells. J Agric Food Chem 60: 1059-1066. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf204496f
  25. Tian M, Yan H, Row KH. 2008. Separation of liquiritin, glycyrrhizic acid and glabridin from licorice by RP-HPLC. Anal Sci Technol 21: 102-108.
  26. Liao WC, Lin YH, Chang TM, Huang WY. 2012. Identification of two licorice species, Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Glycyrrhiza glabra, based on separation and identification of their bioactive components. Food Chem 132: 2188-2193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.12.051
  27. Oh HS, Kim JH. 2007. Physiological functionalities of hot water extract of Codonopsis lanceolata and some medicinal materials, and their mixtures. Korean J Community Living Sci 18: 407-415.
  28. Weidner C, de Groot JC, Prasad A, Freiwald A, Quedenau C, Kliem M, Witzke A, Kodelja V, Han CT, Giegold S, Baumann M, Klebl B, Siems K, Müller-Kuhrt L, Schürmann A, Schüler R, Pfeiffer AFH, Schroeder FC, Büssow K, Sauer S. 2012. Amorfrutins are potent antidiabetic dietary natural products. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109: 7257-7262. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1116971109

Cited by

  1. Determination of 12 herbal compounds for estimating the presence of Angelica Gigas Root, Cornus Fruit, Licorice Root, Pueraria Root, and Schisandra Fruit in foods by LC-MS/MS vol.37, pp.9, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2020.1778187