Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회지)

The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

β-Glucan Contents and Antioxidant Capacities of Water and Ethanol Extracts from Ganoderma lucidum Depending on pH Value

pH 조건에 따른 영지버섯(Ganoderma lucidum)의 물 및 에탄올 추출물의 β-Glucan 함량과 항산화능

  • Kim, Joo-Young (School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Lee, Sang-Han (School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Chung, Shin-Kyo (School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University)
  • Received : 2016.09.21
  • Accepted : 2017.01.04
  • Published : 2017.01.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum cultivated in Korea were reflux extracted at $90^{\circ}C$ using water and ethanol under different pH conditions. ${\beta}-Glucan$ contents, extraction yield, and antioxidant capacities of extracts were investigated. Antioxidant activities of water and ethanol extracts were measured by DPPH radical scavenging test and the FRAP method, along with their total phenolic contents and total flavonoid contents. Extraction time for the experiment was determined to be 6 h, and ${\beta}-glucan$ contents were the highest. Overall, ${\beta}-glucan$ contents of extracts increased with higher pH values, except those of 90% ethanol extracts (P<0.05). The yields and ${\beta}-glucan$ contents of ethanol extracts were lower than those of water extracts, and highest in water extract at pH 10 ($8.53{\pm}0.17%$, $6.20{\pm}0.12g/100g$, respectively). Ethanol extracts of fruiting bodies of G. lucidum showed stronger antioxidant capacities than water extracts (P<0.05). Especially, total phenolic contents of 30% ethanol extract at pH 10 was highest (35.06 GAE mg/g). Total phenolic contents of water and ethanol extracts showed good correlations with DPPH radical scavenging activities (r=0.969).

국내산 영지버섯으로부터 ${\beta}-glucan$ 소재 개발을 위하여 pH를 달리하여 물 및 에탄올로 $90^{\circ}C$에서 환류 추출하여, ${\beta}-glucan$ 함량과 항산화 활성 및 항산화 성분을 조사하였다. 물 추출물(pH 10)이 추출수율($8.53{\pm}0.17%$)과 ${\beta}-glucan$ 함량($6.20{\pm}0.12g/100g$)이 가장 높았다(P<0.05). 전반적으로 pH가 증가할수록 ${\beta}-glucan$ 함량이 증가하였으며 에탄올 추출물은 물 추출물보다 추출수율과 ${\beta}-glucan$ 함량이 낮았다. DPPH 라디칼 소거 활성과 FRAP 활성은 에탄올 추출물이 물 추출물보다 비교적 높았으며 pH 조건은 활성에 영향을 미치지 않았다(P<0.05). 총폴리페놀 화합물 및 총플라보노이드 화합물의 함량도 pH 조건에 상관없이 물 추출물보다 에탄올 추출물이 높았다. 물 추출물 및 에탄올 추출물들의 항산화 활성과 항산화 성분 값들은 비교적 높은 상관성을 보였으며, DPPH 라디칼 소거 활성과 총폴리페놀 화합물 함량 간의 상관성이 가장 높았다(r=0.969).

Keywords

References

  1. Moradali MF, Mostafavi H, Ghods S, Hedjaroude GA. 2007. Immunomodulating and anticancer agents in the realm of macromycetes fungi (macrofungi). Int Immunopharmacol 7: 701-724. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2007.01.008
  2. Choi SJ, Lee YS, Kim JK, Kim JK, Lim SS. 2010. Physiological activities of extract from edible mushrooms. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 39: 1087-1096. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2010.39.8.1087
  3. Han MD. 1994. Antitumor activity of ganoderan extracted form the mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum. PhD Dissertation. Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Korea.
  4. Bae WC, Kim YS, Lee JW. 2005. Bioactive substances from Ganoderma lucidum. Kor J Microbiol Biotechnol 33: 75-83.
  5. Shiao MS, Lee KR, Lin LJ, Wang CT. 1994. Natural products and biological activities of the Chinese medicinal fungus Ganoderma lucidum. In Food Phytochemicals for Cancer Prevention II: Teas, Spices, and Herbs. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, USA. p 342-354.
  6. Cho JH, Lee JY, Lee MJ, Oh HN, Kang DH, Jhune CS. 2013. Comparative analysis of useful $\beta$-glucan and polyphenol in the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma spp.. J Mushroom Sci Prod 11: 164-170. https://doi.org/10.14480/JM.2013.11.3.164
  7. Kohguchi M, Kunikata T, Watanabe H, Kudo N, Shibuya T, Ishihara T, Iwaki K, Ikeda M, Fukuda S, Kurimoto M. 2004. Immuno-potentiating effects of the antler-shaped fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum (Rokkaku-Reishi). Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 68: 881-887. https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.68.881
  8. Kwon SH, Kim CN, Kim CY, Kwon ST, Park KM, Hwangbo S. 2003. Antiturmor activities of protein-bound polysaccharide extracted from mycelia of mushroom. Korean J Food Nutr 16: 15-21.
  9. Zhang QH, Lin ZB. 1999. Effect of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides B on $TNF-{\alpha}$ and $INF-{\gamma}$ production and their mRNA expression. J Beijing Med Univ 31: 179-183.
  10. Tang QJ, Zhang JS, Pan YJ, Reutter W, Fan H. 2004. Activation of mouse macrophages by the alkali-extracted polysaccharide from spore of Ganoderma lucidum. Chin J Cell Mol Immunol 20: 142-144.
  11. Zhang M, Cui SW, Cheung PCK, Wang Q. 2007. Antitumor polysaccharides from mushrooms: a review on their isolation process, structural characteristics and antitumor activity. Trends Food Sci Technol 18: 4-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2006.07.013
  12. Tada R, Harada T, Nagi-Miura N, Adachi Y, Nakajima M, Yadomae T, Ohno N. 2007. NMR characterization of the structure of a ${\beta}-(1{\rightarrow}3)$-D-glucan isolate from cultured fruit bodies of Sparassis crispa. Carbohydr Res 342: 2611-2618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carres.2007.08.016
  13. Lee SH, Jang GY, Kim KJ, Lee MJ, Kim TJ, Lee J, Jeong HS. 2012. Effect of temperature, solvent concentration, and pH on the $\beta$-glucan extraction. Korean J Food Nutr 4: 871-877.
  14. Bhatty RS, MacGregor AW, Rossnagel BG. 1991. Total and acid-soluble $\beta$-glucan content on hulless barley and its relationship to acid-extract viscosity. Cereal Chem 68: 221-227.
  15. Bhatty RS. 1993. Extraction and enrichment of ($1{\rightarrow}3$, $1{\rightarrow}4$)-$\beta$-D-glucans from barley and oat brans. Cereal Chem 70: 73-77.
  16. Dawkins NL, Nnanna IA. 1993. Oat gum and $\beta$-glucan extraction from oat bran and rolled oats: Temperature and pH effects. J Food Sci 58: 562-566. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1993.tb04324.x
  17. Beer MU, Arrigoni E, Amado R. 1996. Extraction of oat gum from oat bran: Effects of process on yield, molecular weight distribution, viscosity and $(1{\rightarrow}3)(1{\rightarrow}4)-{\beta}$-D-glucan content of the gum. Cereal Chem 73: 58-62.
  18. Kim SW, Kim ES, Kim YS. 1995. Studies on the polysaccharide extracted from Ganoderma lucidum. J Korean Soc Food Nutr 24: 147-153.
  19. Hwang YY, Chong MS, Kim HJ, Lee KN. 2007. Studies on the polysaccharide of Ganoderma lucidum extract by microorganism fermentation. Korean J Orient Physiol Pathol 21: 1506-1512.
  20. Kim JH, Lee SC, Ju YC. 2007. Effect of far-infrared irradiation on the antioxidant activity of extracts from Phellinus igniarius and Ganoderma lucidum. Korean J Food Sci Technol 39: 386-389.
  21. Chung HS, Youn KS. 2005. Comparison of pretreatment methods for extraction of selected components from Ganoderma lucidum. Korean J Food Preserv 12: 130-134.
  22. MHW. 1997. Korean food standard code. Ministry of Health and Welfare, Seoul, Korea. p 507.
  23. Kim MJ, Park EJ. 2011. Feature analysis of different in vitro antioxidant capacity assays and their application to fruit and vegetable samples. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 40: 1053-1062. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2011.40.7.1053
  24. Blois MS. 1958. Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature 181: 1199-1200. https://doi.org/10.1038/1811199a0
  25. Benzie IF, Strain JJ. 1996. The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of "antioxidant power": the FRAP assay. Anal Biochem 239: 70-76. https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.1996.0292
  26. Khanizadeh S, Tsao R, Rekika D, Yang R, Charles MT, Rupasinghe HPV. 2008. Polyphenol composition and total antioxidant capacity of selected apple genotypes for processing. J Food Compos Anal 21: 396-401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2008.03.004
  27. Ou B, Hampsch-Woodill M, Prior RL. 2001. Development and validation of an improved oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay using fluorescein as the fluorescent probe. J Agric Food Chem 49: 4619-4626. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf010586o
  28. Zhishen J, Mengcheng T, Jianming W. 1999. The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals. Food Chem 64: 555-559. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(98)00102-2
  29. Sood G, Sharma S, Kapoor S, Khanna PK. 2013. Optimization of extraction and characterization of polysaccharides from medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum using response surface methodology. J Med Plants Res 31: 2323-2329.
  30. Jin SW. 2015. Chemical compositions, biological activity and antiinflammatory effect of Phellinus linteus ethanol extracts. PhD Dissertation. Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea.
  31. Kwoen DJ, Youn SJ, Cho JG, Choi UK, Kang SC. 2006. Antioxidant activities and biological properties of Phellinus linteus extracts according to different extraction methods. J Korean Soc Appl Biol Chem 49: 91-96.
  32. Lee KH, Kwon HJ, Chun SS, Kim JH, Cho YJ, Cha WS. 2006. Biological activities of extracts from Phellinus linteus. J Korean Soc Appl Biol Chem 49: 298-303.
  33. Proteggente AR, Pannala AS, Paganga G, Van Buren L, Wagner E, Wiseman S, Van De Put F, Dacombe C, Rice-Evans CA. 2002. The antioxidant activity of regularly consumed fruit and vegetables reflects their phenolic and vitamin C composition. Free Radic Res 36: 217-233. https://doi.org/10.1080/10715760290006484
  34. Kim JY, Seung GU, Chung SK. 2014. Antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of solvent fractions from Smilax china L. leaves. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 43: 1614-1618. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2014.43.10.1614
  35. Qi Y, Zhao X, Lim YI, Park KY. 2013. Antioxidant and anticancer effects of edible and medicinal mushrooms. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 42: 655-662. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2013.42.5.655
  36. Cilerdzic J, Vukojevic J, Stajic M, Stanojkovic T, Glamoclija J. 2014. Biological activity of Ganoderma lucidum basidiocarps cultivated on alternative and commercial substrate. J Ethnopharmacol 155: 312-319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.05.036

Cited by

  1. 액체종균으로 배양된 느타리버섯(Pleurotus ostreatus)의 이화학적 특성 및 항산화 활성 vol.17, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.14480/jm.2019.17.1.24
  2. Characterization of β-glucan extracts and purified extracts from medicinal mushrooms and their biological activities vol.26, pp.3, 2017, https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2019.26.3.315