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Physicochemical and sensory properties of Yakhobak (Cucurbita maxima subsp. maxima) paste under different high pressure heating conditions

가열조건에 따른 약호박(Cucurbita maxima subsp. maxima) 페이스트의 이화학적 관능적 품질특성

  • Park, Bo-Ram (Department of Agrofood Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Choi, Su-Jeong (Department of Agrofood Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kim, Na-Jeong (Department of Agrofood Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Han, Gui-Jung (Department of Agrofood Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kim, Ha-Yun (Department of Agrofood Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration)
  • 박보람 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농식품자원부) ;
  • 최수정 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농식품자원부) ;
  • 김나정 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농식품자원부) ;
  • 한귀정 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농식품자원부) ;
  • 김하윤 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농식품자원부)
  • Received : 2016.11.28
  • Accepted : 2017.01.06
  • Published : 2017.02.28

Abstract

For the production of Yakhobak (Cucurbita maxima subsp. maxima) paste under various heating conditions, we steamed Yakhobak for roughly 20 min, followed by heating under high pressure treatment for 0 min (HHP0), 20 min (HHP20), 40 min (HHP40), and 60 min (HHP60). The physicochemical and sensory characteristics were subsequently investigated. Generally, no significant difference was observed in organic acid content and sensory characteristics score between Yakhobak paste treated with and without high-pressure heating. However, there was a significant difference in color value, soluble solids, and free sugar content. The L value for color of the group HHP0, untreated control Yakhobak paste (no high-pressure heating), decreased as time increased from 20 min to 60 min, with L values of 44.33, 44.25, and 42.86, respectively. The b value for the color of Yakhobak paste also decreased, showing a significant difference. Soluble solids and free sugar (fructose, glucose, sucrose) contents of the high-pressure heat-treated groups HHP20, HHP40, and HHP60 decreased compared with untreated group HHP0. Organic acid composition of Yakhobak paste included citric acid, malic acid, and fumaric acid, and the major organic acid was malic acid. Sensory score of HHP40 was the highest among all experimental groups in terms of overall preference, but there was no significant difference.

약호박을 페이스트로 소재로 활용하기 위한 가열조건을 확인하기 위하여 증숙 후 고압가열 처리 시간을 달리한 약호박 페이스트를 제조하여 색도, 가용성 고형분, 유리당, 유기산 및 관능적 특성을 확인하였다. 그 결과, 색도는 증숙처리 후 L, b 값이 유의적으로 증가하였으나, a 값은 증숙과 고압가열 시간이 증가함에 따라 유의적으로 감소하였으며 페이스트의 고압가열 시간이 증가함에 따라 L, a 및 b value 모두 유의적으로 감소하였다. 가용성 고형분은 증숙 처리 페이스트가 $4.13^{\circ}Brix$으로 생약호박 대비 유의적으로 증가하였으나, 고압가열 처리 시간이 증가함에 따라 $3.97-3.80^{\circ}Brix$으로 유의적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였다(p<0.05). 유리당은 증숙 처리 후 sucrose가 추가적으로 검출되었으며, HHP0 실험군의 fructose, glucose 및 sucrose 함량이 가열조건별 약호박 페이스트 중 유의적으로 가장 높은 값을 나타내었고(p<0.05), 고압가열시간이 증가함에 따라 fructose의 값은 유의적으로 감소하였고, glucose는 HHP40 실험군이 유의적으로 가장 낮은 값을 보였으며, sucrose는 HHP60 실험군이 유의적으로 가장 낮은 값을 보였다. 총 유리당 함량은 HHP0 실험군이 1,413.36 mg/100 g으로 유의적으로 가장 높았으며, 고압가열처리가 40분 이상 지속 시, 총 유리당 함량이 1,068.89 mg/100 g으로 감소하였다. 비휘발성 유기산은, 증숙 및 고압가열 처리 시 succinic acid가 검출되지 않았고, malic acid는 생약호박에 비해 유의적으로 증가하여 405.0-428.9 mg/100 g의 범위를 보인 반면 fumaric aicd는 큰 폭으로 감소했다. 총 유기산 함량은 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았으나 증숙 처리에 의해 그 함량이 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 고압가열 처리에 따른 약호박 페이스트의 관능적 특성차이 검사 결과 40분간 고압가열 처리한 HHP40 실험군의 향, 단맛, 감칠맛 특성이 가장 높게 나타났으나 유의적인 차이는 없었고, 관능적 기호도 검사 결과 40분간 고압가열 처리한 HHP40 실험군의 향, 단맛, 감칠맛, 전반적기호도 점수가 가장 높았으나 모두 유의적인 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 위 모든 결과를 종합하여 볼 때, 20분간 증숙 처리한 약호박 페이스트의 가용성 고형분, 총 유리당 함량, 총 유기산 함량이 가장 높았고, 고압가열 처리와 그 지속시간에 따른 관능적 특성이 크게 개선되지 않은 것으로 보아 약호박을 이용한 소재를 제조하기 위한 장시간의 고압가열 처리는 불필요할 것으로 사료된다. 또한, 약호박은 단호박과 달리 가용성 고형분이 낮고, 단맛 특성, 단맛 기호도 및 전반적 기호도 점수가 낮은 소재인 것으로 나타나, 기호도를 향상시키기 위해 감미료 등 부재료를 첨가하여 페이스트로 제조 및 이의 품질특성에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다.

Keywords

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