Composites Research

The Korean Society for Composite Materials (한국복합재료학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Inter-lamina Shear Strength of MWNT-reinforced Thin-Ply CFRP under LEO Space Environment

  • Moon, Jin Bum (Composite Structures & System Department, KIMS) ;
  • Kim, Chun-Gon (Department of Aerospace Engineering, School of Mechanical, Aerospace & System Engineering, KAIST)
  • Received : 2016.08.23
  • Accepted : 2017.02.22
  • Published : 2017.02.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In this paper, the inter-lamina shear strength (ILSS) of multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWNT) reinforced carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) and thin-ply composites were verified under low earth orbit (LEO) space environment. CFRP, MWNT reinforced CFRP, thin-ply CFRP and MWNT reinforced thin-ply CFRP were tested after aging by using accelerated ground simulation equipment. The used ground simulation equipment can simulate high vacuum ($2.5{\times}10^{-6}torr$), atomic oxygen (AO, $9.15{\times}10^{14}atoms/cm^2{\cdot}s$), ultraviolet light (UV, 200 nm wave length) and thermal cycling ($-70{\sim}100^{\circ}C$) simultaneously. The duration of aging experiment was twenty hours, which is an equivalent duration to that of STS-4 space shuttle condition. After the aging experiment, ILSS were measured at room temperature ($27^{\circ}C$), high temperature ($100^{\circ}C$) and low temperature ($-100^{\circ}C$) to verify the effect of operation temperature. The MWNT and thin-ply shows good improvement of ILSS at ground condition especially with the thin-ply. And after LEO exposure large degradation of ILSS was observed at MWNT added composite due to the thermal cycle. And the degradation rate was much higher under the high temperature condition. But, at the low temperature condition, the ILSS was largely recovered due to the matrix toughening effect.

Keywords

References

  1. J.H. Han and C.G. Kim, "Low Earth Orbit Space Environment Simulation and Its Effects on Graphite/epoxy Composites," Composite Structures, Vol. 72, 2006, pp. 218-226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2004.11.007
  2. Morton A. Golub, and Robert D. Cormia, "ESCA study of poly(vinylidene fluoride), Tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene Copolymer and Polyethylene," Polymer, Vol. 30, 1989, pp. 1576-1581. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(89)90315-7
  3. D. Schwam and M.H. Litt, "Evaluation of Atomic Oxygen Resistant Coatings for Space Structures," Advanced Performance Materials, Vol. 3, 1996, pp. 153-169. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00136743
  4. I.S. Deev and E.F. Nikishin, "Effect of Long-term Exposure in the Space Environment on the Microstructure of Fibre-reinforced Polymers," Composites Science and Technology, Vol 57, l997, pp. 1391-1401. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-3538(97)00071-7
  5. K.B. Shin, S.B. Cho, C.S. Hong, and C.G. Kim, "The Study of Characteristics of Composite Materials under Space Environment," Korea Society of Composite Materials, Vol. 27, No. 4, 1999.
  6. J.R. Bianchi and B.Z. Jang, "Evaluation of Epoxy Matrix Composites Exposed to Atomic Oxygen," Journal of Advanced Materials, Vol. 26, No. 4, 1995, pp. 10-17.
  7. A. Paillous and C. Pailler, "Degradation of Multiply Polymermatrix Composites Induced by Space Environment," Composites, Vol. 25, No. 4, 1994, pp. 287-295. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-4361(94)90221-6
  8. R.C. Tennyson, "Atomic Oxygen Effects on Polymer-based Materials," Canadian Journal of Physics, Vol. 69, 1991, pp. 1190-1208.
  9. Masahito Tagawa and KumikoYokota, "Atomic Oxygeninduced Polymer Degradation Phenomena in Simulated LEO Space Environments: How do Polymers React in a Complicated Space Environment?," Acta Astronautica, Vol. 62, 2008, pp. 203-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2006.12.043
  10. J.I. Kleiman, Z.A. Iskanderova, F.J. Perez and R.C. Tennyson, "Protective Coatings for LEO Environments in Spacecraft Applications," Surface and Coating Technology, Vol. 76-77, 1995, pp. 827-834. https://doi.org/10.1016/0257-8972(95)02497-2
  11. Z.A. Iskanderova, J. Kleiman, W.D. Morison and R.C. Tennyson, "Erosion Resistance and Durability Improvement of Polymers and Composites in Space Environment by Ion Implantation," Materials Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 54, 1998, pp. 91-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0254-0584(98)00018-2
  12. M. Ueda, I.H. Tan, R.S. Dallaqua, J.O. Rossi, J.J. Barroso and M.H. Tabacniks, "Aluminum Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation in Polymers," Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B, Vol. 206, 2003, pp. 760-766. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-583X(03)00844-9
  13. Hiroyuki Shimamura and Takashi Nakamura, "Mechanical Properties Degradation of Polyimide Films Irradiated by Atomic Oxygen," Polymer Degradation and Stability, Vol. 94, Issue 9, 2009, pp. 1389-1396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.05.013
  14. Kumiko Yokota, Masahito Tagawa, Akira Kitamura, Koji Matsumoto, Akitaka Yoshigoe and Yuden Teraoka, "Hydrogen Desorption from a Diamond-like Carbon Film by Hyperthermal Atomic Oxygen Exposure," Applied Surface Science, Vol. 255, 2009, pp. 6710-6714. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2009.02.064
  15. Longfei Hu, Meishuan Li, Caihong Xu, Yongming Luo and Yanchun Zhou, "A Polysilazane Coating Protecting Polyimide from Atomic Oxygen and Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Erosion," Surface & Coatings Technology, Vol. 203, 2009, pp. 3338-3343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2009.04.019
  16. Russell Cooper, Hari P. Upadhyaya, Timothy K. Minton, Michael R. Berman, Xiaohua Du and Steven M. George, "Protection of Polymer from Atomic-oxygen Erosion Using $Al_2O_3$ Atomic Layer Deposition Coatings," Thin Solid Films, Vol. 516, 2008, pp. 4036-4039. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2007.07.150
  17. B.A. Banks, A. Snyder, S.K. Miller, K.K. de Groh and R. Demko, "Atomic-oxygen Undercutting of Protected Polymers in Low Earth Orbit," Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 41, No. 3, 2004, pp. 335-339. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.10726
  18. M.G. Kim, J.S. Hong, S.G. Kang and C.G. Kim, "Enhancement of the Crack Growth Resistance of a Carbon/epoxy Composite by Adding Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes at a Cryogenic Temperature," Composites Part A, Vol. 39, 2008, pp. 647-654. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2007.07.017
  19. D. Qian, E.C. Dickey, R. Andrews, and T. Rantell, "Load Transfer and Deformation Mechanisms in Carbon Nanotube-polystyrene Composites," Applied Physics Letters, 2000, Vol. 76, pp. 2868-2870. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.126500
  20. F.H. Gojny, M.H.G. Wichmann, U. Kopke, B. Fiedler, and K. Schulte, "Carbon Nanotube-reinforced Epoxy-composites: Enhanced Stiffness and Fracture Toughness at Low Nanotube Content," Composites Science and Technology, 2004, Vol. 64, pp. 2363-2371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2004.04.002
  21. M.G. Kim, S.G. Kang, C.G. Kim, and C.W. Gong, "Tensile Properties of CFRP Composite with Different Resin Contents under Cryogenic Temperature," Proceedings of 5th Symposium on Korean Launch Vehicle Technology, 2004, pp. 318-323.
  22. F.H. Gojny, M.H.G. Wichmann, B. Fiedler, and K. Schulte, "Influence of Different Carbon Nanotubes on the Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Matrix Composites - A Comparative Study," Composites Science and Technology, 2005, Vol. 65, pp. 2300-2313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2005.04.021
  23. S.W. Shin, R.Y. Kim, Kazumasa Kawabe and Stephen W. Tsai, "Experimental Studies of Thin-ply Laminated Composites," Composites Science and Technology, Vol. 67, 2007, pp. 996-1008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2006.06.008
  24. T. Yokozeki, Y. Aoki and T. Ogasawara, "Experimental Characterization of Strength and Damage Resistance Properties of Thin-ply Carbon Fiber/toughened Epoxy Laminates," Composite Structures, Vol. 82, 2008, pp. 382-389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2007.01.015
  25. M. Raja Reddy, "Effect of Low Earth Orbit Atomic Oxygen on Spacecraft Materials," Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 31, 1995, pp. 281-307.
  26. J.B. Moon, M.G. Kim, C.G. Kim and S. Bhowmik, "Improvement of Tensile Properties of CFRP Composites under LEO Space Environment by Applying MWNTs and Thin-ply", Composites: Part A, Vol. 42, 2011, pp. 694-701. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2011.02.011