Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society (한국산학기술학회논문지)

The Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society (한국산학기술학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Serum Blood Lipids, Leptin, Ghrelin, and HOMA-IR Factors in Postmenopausal Obese Women

유산소 운동이 폐경 후 비만여성의 혈청지질, 렙틴, 그렐린 및 인슐린저항성지수에 미치는 영향

  • Lee, Jeong-Ah (Physical Education, Kyungsung University) ;
  • Kim, Ji-Hyeon (Physical Education, Pusan National University) ;
  • Kim, Jong-Won (Physical Education, Busan National University of Education) ;
  • Kim, Do-Yoen (Physical Education, Pusan National University)
  • 이정아 (경성대학교 체육학과) ;
  • 김지현 (부산대학교 체육교육과) ;
  • 김종원 (부산교육대학교 체육교육과) ;
  • 김도연 (부산대학교 체육교육과)
  • Received : 2016.11.15
  • Accepted : 2017.02.03
  • Published : 2017.02.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of aerobic exercise on the blood lipids, leptin, ghrelin, and HOMA-IR factors in obese postmenopausal Korean women. Thirty-six healthy postmenopausal women (mean age, $54.47{\pm}2.50$ years) with >32 % body fat were assigned randomly to an aerobic exercise group (n = 18) or to a "no exercise" control group (n = 18). The subjects' body composition, blood lipid, leptin, ghrelin levels, and HOMA-IR were measured before and after a 16-week line-dancing program. The exercise group showed a significant decrease in body weight, percent body fat, body mass index, visceral fat area, leptin, insulin, glucose, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein B, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. In addition, this group exhibited a significant increase in the apolipoprotein A-I, ghrelin, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The energy metabolic factors that influenced the visceral fat included ghrelin, leptin, insulin, glucose, and HOMA-IR. The t-value, which determined the statistical significance of the independent variables, was significant for ghrelin, glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR (p < 0.05). Regular and continuous aerobic exercise (e.g., line dancing) effectively improved the body composition, visceral fat, serum blood lipids, leptin, ghrelin, and HOMA-IR factors in obese postmenopausal Korean women.

본 연구는 체지방률이 32% 이상인 폐경 후 비만여성 36명을 대상으로 유산소운동이 혈청지질, 렙틴, 그렐린 및 인슐린저항성지수에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 운동집단(18명)과 통제집단(18명)으로 나누어 유산소운동인 라인댄스를 16주간 실시한 후 체조성, 혈청지질, 렙틴, 그렐린 및 인슐린저항성지수를 운동전과 후로 측정하여 비교분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과 운동 후에 운동집단에서 체중, 체지방률(%BF), 체질량지수(BMI), 내장지방면적(VFA), 렙틴(Leptin), 인슐린(Insulin), 글루코스(Glucose), 인슐린저항성지수(HOMA-IR), 총콜레스테롤(TC), 중성지방(TG), 아포리포프로틴(Apolipoprotein) B, 저밀도지단백 콜레스테롤(LDL-C) 및 수축기혈압(SBP)이 유의하게 감소하였다. 또한 아포리포프로틴(Apolipoprotein) A-1, 그렐린(Ghrelin) 및 고밀도지단백 콜레스테롤(HDL-C)이 유의하게 증가하였다. 유산소운동집단의 내장지방면적에 영향을 미치는 에너지대사조절인자의 회귀분석결과에서 주요요인으로 그렐린, 인슐린, 글루코스 및 HOMA-IR 나타났다. 따라서 규칙적이고 지속적인 유산소운동이 폐경 후 비만여성의 체조성, 내장지방, 혈청지질, 렙틴, 그렐린 및 HOMA-IR을 개선시키는 데 효과가 있을 것으로 생각된다.

Keywords

References

  1. D. Y. Kim, J. A. Lee, J. H. Yang. "Effects of hatha yoga exercise on body composition, serum lipids, and health-related fitness in obese middle-aged women", Journal of Life Science, Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 521-528, 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2011.21.4.521
  2. J. B. Prins, "Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ", Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 639-651, 2002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1053/beem.2002.0222
  3. J. M. Zigman, J. K. Elmquist, "Minireview: From anorexia to obesity-the yin and yang of body weight control", Endocrinology, Vol. 144, No. 9, pp. 3749-3756, 2003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2003-0241
  4. E. Jequier, L. Tappy, "Regulation of body weight in humans", Physiological Reviews, Vol. 79, No. 2, pp. 451-480, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.1999.79.2.451
  5. M. Shintani, Y. Ogawa, K. Ebihara, A. M. Aizawa, F. Miyanaga, K. Takaya, T. Hayashi, G. Inoue, K. Hosoda, M. Kojima, K. Kangawa, K. Nakao, "Ghrelin, an endogenous growth hormone secretagogue, is a novel orexigenic peptide that antagonizes leptin action through the activation of hypothalamic neuropeptide Y/Y1 receptor pathway", Diabetes, Vol. 50, No. 2, pp. 227-232, 2001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.50.2.227
  6. B. Otto, U. Cuntz ,E. Fruehauf , R. Wawarta, C. Folwaczny, R. L. Riepl, M. L. Heiman, P. Lehnert, M. Fichter, M. Tschop, "Weight gain decreases elevated plasma ghrelin concentrations of patients with anorexia nervosa" European Journal of Endocrinology, Vol. 145, No. 5, pp. 669-673, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1450669
  7. M. Tschop, C. Weyer, P. A. Tataranni, V. Devanarayan, E. Ravussin, M. L. Heiman, "Circulating ghrelin levels are decreased in human obesity", Diabetes, Vol. 50, No. 4, pp. 707-709, 2001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.50.4.707
  8. J. A. Lee, D. Y. Kim, "Effects of hatha yoga exercise on serum leptin and metabolic syndrome factors in menopause obese middle-aged women", Journal of Life Science, Vol. 20, No. 7, pp. 1100-1106, 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2010.20.7.1100
  9. B. Ludvik, J. J. Nolan, J. Baloga, D. Sacks, J. Olefsky, "Effect of obesity on insulin resistance in normal subjects and patients with NIDDM", Diabetes, Vol. 44, No. 9, pp. 1121-1125, 1995. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/diab.44.9.1121
  10. Y. H. Kim, C. W. Lee, Y. J. Jeon, M. J. Yong, J. Y. Kim. Line Dance. Seoul: Daehanmedia, 2008.
  11. Korea Institute of Health and Society. 2001 National health and nutrition survey. Seoul: Ministry of Health and Welfare, 2003.
  12. V. H. Heyward, D. R. Wagner. Applied body composition assessment. 2nd Ed, Champaign, IL: Human Kinetic Publishers, 2004.
  13. American College of Sports Medicine. ACSM's guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. 7th Ed, Philadelphia, PA: Lippinocott Williams & Wilkins Publishers, 2006.
  14. D. R. Matthews, J. P. Hosker, A. S. Rudenski, B. A. Naylor, D. F. Treacher, R. C. Turner, "Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man", Diabetologia, Vol. 28, No. 7, pp. 412-419, 1985. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00280883
  15. J. L. Kuk, T. J. Saunders, L. E. Davidson, R. Ross, "Age-related changes in total and regional fat distribution", Ageing Research Reviews, Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 339-348, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2009.06.001
  16. S. M. Grundy, "Cholesterol and coronary heart disease" The Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 264, No. 23, pp. 3053-3059, 2000. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.264.23.3053
  17. H. Shimokata, R. Andres, P. J. Coon, D. Elahi, C. Muller, J. D. Tobin, "Studies in the distribution of body fat. II. Longitudinal effects of change in weight", International Journal of Obesity, Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 455-464, 1989.
  18. X. H. Ma, R. Muzumdar, X. M. Yang, I. Gabriely, R. Berger, N. Barzilai, "Aging is associated with resistance to effects of leptin on fat distribution and insulin action", The Journal of Gerontology, Vol. 57, No. 6, pp. 225- 231, 2002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/57.6.B225
  19. I. Shimomura, K. Tokunaga, K. Kotani, Y. Keno, M. F. Yanase, K. Kanosue, S. Jiao, T. Funahashi, T. Kobatake, T. Yamamoto, "Marked reduction of acyl-CoA synthetase activity and mRNA in intra-abdominal visceral fat by physical exercise", American Journal of Physiology, Vol. 265, No. 1, pp. 44-50, 1993.
  20. J. P. Despres, M. C. Pouliot, S. Moorjani, A. Nadeau, A. Tremblay, P. J. Lupien, G. Thériault, C. Bouchard, "Loss of abdominal fat and metabolic response to exercise training in obese women", The American Journal of Physiology, Vol. 261, No. 2, pp. 159-167, 1991.
  21. K. E. Foster-Schubert, A. McTiernan, R. S. Frayo, R. S. Schwartz, K. B. Rajan, Y. Yasui, S. S. Tworoger, D. E. Cummings, "Human plasma ghrelin levels increase during a one-year exercise program", The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Vol. 90, No. 2, pp. 820-825, 2005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2004-2081
  22. Y. A. Park, D. H. Kim. "Effects of aquarobics on metabolic syndrome and health fitness in abdominally obese elderly women", Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, Vol. 16, No. 8, pp. 5180-5188, 2015. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2015.16.8.5180
  23. J. Y. Kim, H. W. Shin, I. K. Jeong, S. H. Cho, S. J. Min, S. J. Lee, C. Y. Park, G. W. Oh, E. G. Hong, H. G. Kim, D. M. Kim, "The relationship of adiponectin, leptin and ghrelin to insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk factors in human obesity", The Korean Journal of Medicine, Vol. 69. No. 6, pp. 631-641, 2005.
  24. M. Tschop, C. Weyer, P. A. Tataranni, V. Devanarayan, E. Ravussin, M. L. Heiman, "Circulating ghrelin levels are decreased in human obesity", Diabetes, Vol. 50, No. 4, pp. 707-709, 2001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.50.4.707
  25. A. Gokcel, Y. Gumurdulu, F. Kayaselcuk, E. Serin, B. Ozer, A. K. Ozsahin, N. Guvener, "Helicobacter pylori has no effect on plasma ghrelin levels", European Journal of Endocrinology Prize, Vol. 148, No. 4, pp. 423-426, 2003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1480423
  26. K. M. Choi, J. Lee, K. W. Lee, J. A. Seo, J. H. Oh, S. G. Kim, N. H. Kim, D. S. Choi, S. H. Baik, "The associations between plasma adiponectin, ghrelin levels and cardiovascular risk factors. European Journal of Endocrinology, Vol. 150, No. 5, pp. 715-718, 2004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1500715
  27. D. Kim, S. Nam, C. Ahn, K. Kim, S. Yoon, J. Kim, B. Cha, S, Kim K. Lim, H. Lee, K. Huh, "Correlation between midthigh low-density muscle and insulin resistance in obese nondiabetic patients in Korea. Diabetes Care, Vol. 26, No. 6, pp. 1825-1830, 2003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.26.6.1825
  28. S. C. Hong, J. Y. Lee, J. W. Yeom, "The Effect of long term swimming training on body composition and leptin hormone in obese middle-aged women", Journal of Exercise Nutrition & Biochemistry, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 157-161, 2002.
  29. C. H. Shin, "The effects of different weight loss program on metabolism regulatory hormone and body composition", Korean Journal of Physical Eduaction, Vol. 41, No. 4, pp. 421-433, 2002.
  30. D. K. Kang, "The effects of resistance exercise prescription on the body composition, abdominal fat and metabolism regulatory hormone in the severe obesity middle-age women", Korean Journal of Physical Eduaction, Vol. 43, No. 3, pp. 613-622, 2004.
  31. J. W. Kim, D. Y. Kim , "Effects of aerobic exercise training on serum sex hormone binding globulin, body fat index, and metabolic syndrome factors in obese postmenopausal women", Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders, Vol. 10. No. 6, pp. 452-457, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/met.2012.0036
  32. A. F. Mohamed, D. Mohammed, N. Fiona, T. Ali, A. Monira, B. Kazem, B. Abdullah, E. Naser, "Gender differences in ghrelin association with cardiometabolic risk factors in Arab population", International Journal of Endocrinology, Vol. 2014, pp. 8, 2014.
  33. M. Scerif, P. Goldstone, M. Korbonits, "Ghrelin in obesity and endocrine diseases", Molecular Cellular Endocrinology, Vol. 340, No. 1, pp. 15-25, 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2011.02.011
  34. J. A. Lee, J. W. Kim, D. Y. Kim, "Effects of yoga exercise on serum adiponectin and metabolic syndrome factors in obese postmenopausal women", The Journal of The North American Menopause Society, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 296-301, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/gme.0b013e31822d59a2
  35. J. A. Lee, D. Y. Kim. "Effects of line dance exercise on HOMA-IR and evergy metabolic factors in postmenopausal obese women", Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, Vol. 13, No. 10, pp. 4636-4644, 2012. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2012.13.10.4636
  36. Poykko, S. M., E. Kellokoski, S. Horkko, H. Kauma, Y. A. Kesaniemi, and O. Ukkola. Low plasma ghrelin is associated with insulin resistance, hypertension, and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes, 52(10), pp. 2546-2553, 2003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.52.10.2546