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Effects of Gluten and Moisture Contents on Texturization of Extruded Soy Protein Isolate

글루텐 함량과 수분 함량이 압출성형 분리대두단백의 조직화에 미치는 영향

  • Park, Ji-Hoon (Department of Food Science and Technology, Kongju National University) ;
  • Chatpaisarn, Apapan (Department of Food Science and Technology, Kongju National University) ;
  • Ryu, Gi-Hyung (Department of Food Science and Technology, Kongju National University)
  • Received : 2016.12.30
  • Accepted : 2017.03.21
  • Published : 2017.04.30

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of gluten and moisture contents on the physical properties of extruded soy protein isolate. Extrusion conditions included various moisture (45, 50, and 55%) and gluten contents (20, 40, and 60%) at a fixed screw speed and die temperature of 250 rpm and $140^{\circ}C$, respectively. Specific mechanical energy input decreased as gluten content increased from 20 to 60%. Hydration ratio was highest ($293.23{\pm}13.68%$) at gluten and moisture contents of 20 and 55%, respectively. Lightness and yellowness increased as gluten content increased from 20 to 60% while redness decreased as gluten content increased. Color difference was the highest at low gluten and moisture contents. Integrity index was the highest ($71.15{\pm}0.93%$) at gluten and moisture contents of 60 and 45%, respectively. Nitrogen solubility index was not significantly affected by moisture content and was lowest ($22.46{\pm}1.11%$) at gluten and moisture contents of 60 and 55%, respectively. In conclusion, higher gluten and lower moisture contents were effective for texturization of soy protein isolate.

글루텐 함량과 수분 함량이 분리대두단백의 조직화 및 물리적 특성에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 압출성형 공정변수는 수분 함량에 따른 물리적 특성을 알아보기 위해 사출구 온도 $140^{\circ}C$, 스크루 회전속도 250 rpm으로 고정시키고 분리대두단백에 첨가된 글루텐의 배합비는 각각 20, 40, 60%로, 수분 함량은 45, 50, 55%로 조절하였다. 글루텐 함량이 20에서 60%로 증가함에 따라 비기계적 에너지 투입량은 감소하였다. 압출성형물의 수분 흡수율은 글루텐 함량이 20에서 60%로 증가함에 따라, 수분 함량이 55에서 45%로 감소함에 따라 감소하였다. 글루텐 함량이 증가할 때 명도(L)와 황색도(b)는 증가하는 경향을 보였으며 적색도(a)는 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 총색도차는 글루텐 함량과 수분 함량이 낮을 때 가장 높은 수치를 나타냈다. 조직잔사지수는 글루텐 함량이 60%, 수분 함량 45%에서 $71.15{\pm}0.93%$로 가장 높은 값을 보였다. 압출성형물의 수분 함량에 따라 NSI 값은 유의적 차이가 없었으며, 수용성 질소지수는 글루텐 함량 60%, 수분 함량 55%에서 $22.46{\pm}1.11%$로 가장 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과로 수분 함량을 줄이고 글루텐의 함량을 늘리는 방법이 인조육 제조 시 조직화를 촉진하는 방법으로 적용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Keywords

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