Food Science and Preservation (한국식품저장유통학회지)

The Korean Society of Food Preservation (한국식품저장유통학회)
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Effect of supercooling on the storage stability of rapidly frozen-thawed pork loins

과냉각 온도가 급속냉동-해동 처리된 돈육 등심의 저장성에 미치는 영향

  • Choi, Eun Ji (Advanced Process Technology and Fermentation Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi) ;
  • Park, Hae Woong (Advanced Process Technology and Fermentation Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi) ;
  • Chung, Young Bae (Advanced Process Technology and Fermentation Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi) ;
  • Kim, Jin Se (Postharvest Engineering Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Park, Seok Ho (Postharvest Engineering Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Chun, Ho Hyun (Advanced Process Technology and Fermentation Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi)
  • 최은지 (세계김치연구소 신공정발효연구단) ;
  • 박해웅 (세계김치연구소 신공정발효연구단) ;
  • 정영배 (세계김치연구소 신공정발효연구단) ;
  • 김진세 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 수확후관리공학과) ;
  • 박석호 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 수확후관리공학과) ;
  • 천호현 (세계김치연구소 신공정발효연구단)
  • Received : 2017.02.15
  • Accepted : 2017.03.28
  • Published : 2017.04.30
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Abstract

This study was performed to determine the rapid thawing method for reducing the thawing time of frozen pork loins and to examine the effects of supercooling on the microbiological, physicochemical, and sensory qualities of fresh and frozen-thawed pork during storage at -1.5, 4, and $15^{\circ}C$. Forced-air thawing at $4^{\circ}C$ was the most time-consuming process, whereas radio frequency thawing time was the shortest by dielectric heating. The supercooling storage temperature was chosen to be $-1.5^{\circ}C$ because microstructural damages were not observed in the pork sample after cooling at $-1.5^{\circ}C$ for 24 h. Fresh or frozen-thawed pork loins stored at $-1.5^{\circ}C$ had lower drip loss and total volatile base nitrogen, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance, and Hunter b* levels than loins stored at 4 and $15^{\circ}C$. In addition, the least degree of increase in preexisting microorganisms counts of the fresh or frozen-thawed pork loin samples was obtained during supercooled storage at $-1.5^{\circ}C$. Sensory quality results of fresh and frozen-thawed pork loin samples stored at $-1.5^{\circ}C$ showed higher scores than the samples stored at 4 and $15^{\circ}C$. These data indicate that supercooling at $-1.5^{\circ}C$ in the meat processing industry would be effective for maintaining the quality of pork meats without ice crystal nucleation and formation.

본 연구는 초저온 액체 침지식 급속 냉동으로 동결된 돈육 등심에 적합한 급속 해동방법을 선정하고 과냉각 저장이 냉동-해동 돈육의 미생물학적, 이화학적 및 관능적 품질 변화에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 4와 $10^{\circ}C$ 송풍식 해동과 4와 $10^{\circ}C$ 유수식 해동은 냉동 돈육 시료가 해동이 완료되는 약 290-750분 소요되었지만 27.12 MHz 라디오파 해동은 약 20분으로 가장 신속하게 돈육을 해동시켜 저장실험에 필요한 냉동 돈육의 급속 해동방법으로 선정하였다. 한편 $-1.5--5^{\circ}C$로 24시간 냉각 처리 후 돈육 횡단면의 미세구조 분석 결과, $-1.5^{\circ}C$에서 냉각 처리된 시료의 표면과 중심부는 동결에 의한 조직 손상이 발생하지 않았음을 확인하여 $-1.5^{\circ}C$를 과냉각 저장 온도로 선정하였다. 저장 중 대조구인 신선육과 비교하여 냉동-해동 처리된 돈육에서 발생한 드립감량은 유의적으로(p<0.05) 높은 경향을 보였지만 $-1.5^{\circ}C$과냉각 저장이 돈육의 드립감량 증가를 억제하였다. 또한 4와 $15^{\circ}C$ 저장과 비교하여 $-1.5^{\circ}C$ 과냉각 저장은 대조구와 냉동-해동 처리구의 TVBN과 TBARS 함량 증가, Hunter a* 값 감소와 b* 값 증가를 억제하는 효과를 보였다. $15^{\circ}C$ 저장 4일 후 대조구와 냉동-해동 처리구의 총 호기성 세균 수는 9 log CFU/g 이상으로 급격히 증가하였다. 반면 $-1.5^{\circ}C$ 저장 10일 후 대조구와 냉동-해동 처리구의 총 호기성 세균 수는 각각 5.62와 4.43 log CFU/g으로 관찰되었다. $-1.5^{\circ}C$ 저장 10일 동안 대조구와 냉동-해동 처리구의 대장균군과 효모 및 곰팡이 수는 저장 초기 수준으로 유지하거나 다소 감소하였다. 관능평가 결과에 있어서 4와 $15^{\circ}C$ 저장에 비해 $-1.5^{\circ}C$ 저장한 대조구와 냉동-해동 처리구는 모든 관능평가 항목에서 저장 중 유의적으로 높은 값을 유지하였다(p<0.05). 따라서 라디오파 유전가열 해동은 냉동 돈육 등심의 해동 과정 중 상전이 구간을 빠르게 통과함으로써 급속 해동이 가능하였으며 $-1.5^{\circ}C$ 과냉각 저장이 냉동-해동 처리된 돈육에 얼음결정 형성 없이 품질 유지 및 미생물 생장지연에 효과적인 것을 확인하였다.

Keywords

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