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Analysis of Amygdalin of Content Prunus mume by Variety, Harvest Time, and Fermentation Conditions

품종과 수확시기 및 발효조건에 따른 매실의 아미그달린 함량에 관한 연구

  • Son, Seok Jun (Department of Research Development, Agency for Korea National Food Cluster) ;
  • Jeong, Young Jae (Department of Research Development, Agency for Korea National Food Cluster) ;
  • Kim, Sun Young (Department of Research Development, Agency for Korea National Food Cluster) ;
  • Choi, Ji Hae (Department of Research Development, Agency for Korea National Food Cluster) ;
  • Kim, Na Young (Department of Research Development, Agency for Korea National Food Cluster) ;
  • Lee, Hyun-Sun (Department of Research Development, Agency for Korea National Food Cluster) ;
  • Bae, Jung Min (Department of Research Development, Agency for Korea National Food Cluster) ;
  • Kim, Seon-Il (Korea Maesil Center) ;
  • Lee, Hye-Suk (Korea Maesil Center) ;
  • Shin, Jong Sup (Suncheon city Agricultural Development & Technology Center) ;
  • Han, Jin Soo (Department of Research Development, Agency for Korea National Food Cluster)
  • 손석준 (국가식품클러스터 연구개발부) ;
  • 정영재 (국가식품클러스터 연구개발부) ;
  • 김선영 (국가식품클러스터 연구개발부) ;
  • 최지해 (국가식품클러스터 연구개발부) ;
  • 김나영 (국가식품클러스터 연구개발부) ;
  • 이현순 (국가식품클러스터 연구개발부) ;
  • 배정민 (국가식품클러스터 연구개발부) ;
  • 김선일 ((사)한국매실사업단) ;
  • 이혜숙 ((사)한국매실사업단) ;
  • 신종섭 (순천시농업기술센터) ;
  • 한진수 (국가식품클러스터 연구개발부)
  • Received : 2017.03.03
  • Accepted : 2017.05.18
  • Published : 2017.06.30

Abstract

This study aimed to improve customer perception of Prunus mume through analysis of amygdalin contents according to changes in variety, harvest time, and fermentation conditions. Five Prunus mume domestic cultivars were harvested at five harvest times. We compared cyanogenic glucosides in four types of fruits on the market. For amygdalin contents in seeds and flesh of Prunus mume by variety and harvest time, seeds contained higher amygdalin contents than flesh with time. As Prunus mume ripened, both amygdalin contents in seed and flesh increased. However, the rate of increase gradually decreased. For prunasin contents in Prunus mume, we determined that the dramatic increase in amygdalin from May 3 to 19 was due to amygdalin synthesis from prunasin. Moreover, in the case of fermented Prunus mume, we observed lower amygdalin content as the sugar ratio and fermentation time increased until around 90 days, followed by a decrease. Furthermore, we analyzed alteration of organic acids in Prunus mume and fermented solution based on analysis of amygdalin content in four other market fruits. Amygdalin was detected at $252.37{\pm}2.3$, $22.01{\pm}0.31$, and $8.75{\pm}0.14mg$ per 100 g in plums, peaches, and grape seeds, respectively. In flesh of plums and peaches, amygdalin contents were detected at $84.14{\pm}0.26$ and $7.54{\pm}0.06mg$ per 100 g, respectively. These results suggest scientific improvements for consumption and breeding lines.

본 연구는 품종과 수확시기 및 발효조건에 따른 매실의 아미그달린 및 프루나신 함량분석을 통해 매실에 대한 일부 소비자 인식을 전환하고 매실의 적정 가공원료를 선정하는 것에 과학적인 근거를 설정하고자 진행하였다. 전 품종을 기준으로 매실의 아미그달린 함량은 종자가 과육보다 약 12.8배 높게 함유하고 있었으며, 종자와 과육에서 모두 5월 3일에서 5월 19일 사이 아미그달린 함량이 급격히 증가한 이후, 점차 증가폭이 줄어들었다. 일반적인 가식부인 과육 부분의 경우 선암매 품종이 모든 수확시기에서 가장 높게 측정되었는데, 가장 높은 수치인 34.7 mg(100 g 기준)은 기존 연구의 반수치사량($LD_{50}$)이 7,500 mg/kg(ICR계 마우스)이라는 것을 고려한다면 매우 낮은 수치였다. 매실의 섭취 방법 중 하나인 매실청을 제조하였을 때는 150일 이후 아미그달린이 거의 검출되지 않았다. 또한, 아미그달린과 프루나신이 점차 감소하는 데에 비해 매실의 성숙 또는 매실청으로 발효할 경우 시간이 지남에 따라 유기산 함량이 증가하는 것을 확인하였는데, 이는 아미그달린 및 프루나신 분해 효소의 활성에 영향을 미치는 것으로 추측할 수 있었다. 추가로 시판 중인 네 종의 과일에 대해 동일하게 분석을 진행한 결과, 자두와 복숭아, 포도에서도 아미그달린이 검출된 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 매실에 존재하는 아미그달린은 매실에만 존재하는 것이 아니며, 존재하는 아미그달린은 발효과정으로 충분히 제거할 수 있고 식품의약품안전처에서도 매실에 대한 독성사례 보고가 없는 것으로 미루어 볼 때, 그 위험성은 매우 미미하다고 판단된다. 따라서 매실의 독성에 대한 부정적인 인식을 전환하고, 매실에 존재하는 다양한 유효물질을 활용한 고부가가치 기능성 원료로서의 깊이 있는 연구가 활발히 진행되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.

Keywords

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