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A Study on Design Optimization of an Axle Spring for Multi-axis Stiffness

다중 축 강성을 위한 축상 스프링 최적설계 연구

  • Received : 2017.04.26
  • Accepted : 2017.06.19
  • Published : 2017.06.30

Abstract

The primary suspension system of a railway vehicle restrains the wheelset and the bogie, which greatly affects the dynamic characteristics of the vehicle depending on the stiffness in each direction. In order to improve the dynamic characteristics, different stiffness in each direction is required. However, designing different stiffness in each direction is difficult in the case of a general suspension device. To address this, in this paper, an optimization technique is applied to design different stiffness in each direction by using a conical rubber spring. The optimization is performed by using target and analysis RMS values. Lastly, the final model is proposed by complementing the shape of the weak part of the model. An actual model is developed and the reliability of the optimization model is proved on the basis of a deviation average of about 7.7% compared to the target stiffness through a static load test. In addition, the stiffness value is applied to a multibody dynamics model to analyze the stability and curve performance. The critical speed of the improved model was 190km/h, which was faster than the maximum speed of 110km/h. In addition, the steering performance is improved by 34% compared with the conventional model.

철도차량의 1차 현가장치는 윤축과 대차를 구속하는 장치로써 각 방향의 강성에 따라 차량의 동특성에 큰 영향을 미치며, 동특성을 향상시키기 위해서는 각 방향 강성을 다르게 요구하는데 일반적인 현가장치의 형상으로는 각 방향의 강성을 다르게 설계하기란 어렵다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 코니칼 러버 스프링(Conical rubber spring)을 이용하여 각 방향의 강성을 다르게 설계할 수 있도록 최적화 기법을 적용하여 목표값과 해석값의 RMS(Root Mean Square) 값을 이용하여 최적화를 수행하고 최적형상을 토대로 모델의 취약부의 형상을 보완하여 최종 모델을 제안한다. 실제 모델을 개발하여 정하중 시험을 통해 목표 강성값과 약 7.7%의 편차평균을 나타내 최적화 모델의 신뢰성을 입증하였다. 또한 최종 강성값을 다물체 동역학 모델에 적용하여 안정성과 곡선 주행성능 해석을 수행하였으며 적용모델의 임계속도는 대상 모델의 주행 최고속도인 110km/h 보다 높은 190km/h이며 차륜의 마모지수는 기존대비 34% 감소하여 조향 성능이 향상되었음을 확인하였다.

Keywords

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