DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of Seomaeyakssuk (Artemisia argyi H.) Vinegar on Lipid Metabolism in Rats Fed a High-Fat and High-Cholesterol Diet

섬애약쑥 식초가 고지방-고콜레스테롤 급이 흰쥐의 체내 지질대사에 미치는 영향

  • Shin, Jeong Yeon (Department of Food Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology) ;
  • Kang, Jae Ran (Namhae Garlic Research Institute) ;
  • Shin, Jung Hye (Namhae Garlic Research Institute) ;
  • Seo, Weon Taek (Department of Food Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology) ;
  • Byun, Hee Uk (Namhae Garlic Research Institute) ;
  • Choi, Jin Sang (Department of Food Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology) ;
  • Kang, Min Jung (Namhae Garlic Research Institute)
  • 신정연 (경남과학기술대학교 식품과학부) ;
  • 강재란 ((재)남해마늘연구소) ;
  • 신정혜 ((재)남해마늘연구소) ;
  • 서원택 (경남과학기술대학교 식품과학부) ;
  • 변희욱 ((재)남해마늘연구소) ;
  • 최진상 (경남과학기술대학교 식품과학부) ;
  • 강민정 ((재)남해마늘연구소)
  • Received : 2017.02.23
  • Accepted : 2017.06.29
  • Published : 2017.07.31

Abstract

The effects of orally administered Seomaeyakssuk (Artemisia argyi H.) vinegar on lipid metabolism in Sprague-Dawley rats fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol (HFC) diet were analyzed. The experimental animals were divided into five groups: a normal diet group (normal, N), HFC diet group (control, C), HFC diet with lovastatin at 20 mg/kg body weight (B.W.) group (positive control, PC), HFC diet with malt vinegar group (TM), and HFC diet with Seomaeyaksuk vinegar group (TS) (2 mL/kg B.W.). After 4 weeks of feeding rats the experimental diet, contents of serum total lipids and total cholesterol levels of TM and TS groups were significantly lower than those of the PC group. Triglyceride contents of the TM and TS groups were not significantly different from those of the PC group but significantly lower than those of the C group. Content of serum high density lipoprotein-cholesterol was significantly lower than that of the N group but higher than that of the C group. Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol content of serum was 190.68 mg/dL in the TS group, which was the lowest except for the N group. Aspartate transaminase and albumin transaminase activities as a measurement of liver damage index were not significantly different between the TM, TS, and C groups. Serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substance content of the TS group was reduced to a similar level as the N group but was lower than that of the C group in the liver and significantly higher than that of the N group. Antioxidant activity of the TS group was 55.69% in serum, which was a similar to that of the N group, and was 52.39% in the liver, which was not significantly different than that of the C group. From these results, we conclude that Seomaeyakssuk vinegar improves serum lipid content as a result of the complex action of vinegar, an active ingredient of Seomaeyakssuk and a product of the fermentation process.

섬애약쑥 가공품 개발 및 그 활성 규명을 위한 연구의 일환으로 섬애약쑥 물 추출물을 이용하여 식혜를 제조해 당화시킨 후 알코올 발효와 초산발효를 차례로 거쳐 식초를 완성하였다. 고지방-고콜레스테롤 식이를 제공한 흰쥐에 섬애약쑥 식초를 경구 투여하여 체내 지질대사에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 실험군은 일반식이를 급이한 정상군(N), 고지방-고콜레스테롤 식이를 급이한 대조군(C), 대조군 식이 급이 후 콜레스테롤 치료 약물인 lovastatin을 20 mg/kg B.W. 투여한 양성대조군(PC), 섬애약쑥 추출물 대신에 물을 첨가하여 동일하게 제조한 맥아식초(TM)와 섬애약쑥 식초(TS)를 체중 kg당 2 mL씩 경구 투여한 군으로 나누었다. 4주간의 실험식이 급이 후 혈청 내 총 지질과 총 콜레스테롤 함량은 식초 급이군이 양성대조군보다 유의적으로 낮았으나 중성지질은 양성대조군과는 유의적인 차이가 없었고 대조군 보다는 유의적으로 낮았다. HDL-콜레스테롤은 식초 급이군과 양성대조군 간에 유의적인 차이 없이 정상군보다 낮았으나 대조군보다는 유의적으로 높았다. LDL-콜레스테롤은 섬애약쑥 식초 급이군에서 190.68 mg/dL로 정상군을 제외한 실험군 중 가장 낮은 함량이었고 동맥경화지수와 심혈관계 질환 위험지수도 동일한 경향이었다. 혈청 총 단백질과 알부민 함량은 맥아식초와 섬애약쑥 식초 급이군이 대조군이나 양성대조군보다 유의적으로 낮았다. 간 손상 지표가 되는 AST는 정상군과 식초 급이군 간에 차이가 없었다. 섬애약쑥 식초의 급이는 간장 내 지질 농도 개선에도 효과가 있어 간장 내 총 지질, 총 콜레스테롤 및 중성지질의 농도를 대조군보다 유의하게 감소시켰다. 혈청 내 지질과산화물의 함량은 섬애약쑥 식초 급이군에서 정상군과 유사한 수준으로 감소하였으며, 간 조직에서는 대조군보다는 낮았으나 정상군보다는 유의적으로 높은 함량이었다. 이러한 결과는 DPPH를 이용한 항산화 활성 평가에서도 유사한 경향으로 섬애약쑥 식초 급이군 혈청의 항산화 활성이 55.69%로 정상군과 유의차가 없었으며, 간 조직의 활성은 52.39%로 대조군과 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과로부터 섬애약쑥 식초는 혈중 지질 농도를 개선하는 효과가 있음을 확인하였으며, 이는 식초 자체의 활성과 자체에 함유되어 있던 유효성분 및 발효과정에서 새로이 생성된 성분들이 복합적으로 작용한 결과로 판단된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Kim RJ, Kang MJ, Hwang CR, Jung WJ, Shin JH. 2012. Antioxidant and cancer cell growth inhibition activity of five different varieties of Artemisia cultivars in Korea. J Life Sci 22: 844-851. https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2012.22.6.844
  2. Park MS, Nam BM, Chung GY. 2012. Taxonomic identity of Gang-hwa-yak-ssuk. Korean J Pl Taxon 42: 161-166. https://doi.org/10.11110/kjpt.2012.42.2.161
  3. Cho YH, Chiang MH. 2001. Essential oil composition and antibacterial activity of Artemisia capillaris, Artemisia argyi, and Artemisia princeps. Korean J Intl Agri 13: 313-320.
  4. Rho TH, Seo GS. 1993. Growth characteristics and chemical components in local collections of Artemisia sp.. Korean J Medicinal Crop Sci 1: 171-177.
  5. Chang SH, Jung EJ, Park YH, Lim DG, Ko NY, Choi WS, Her E, Kim SH, Choi KD, Bae JH, Kim SH, Kang CD, Han DJ, Kim SC. 2009. Anti-inflammatory effects of Artemisia princeps in antigen-stimulated T cells and regulatory T cells. J Pharm Pharmacol 61: 1043-1050. https://doi.org/10.1211/jpp.61.08.0008
  6. Jung UJ, Baek NI, Chung HG, Bang MH, Yoo JS, Jeong TS, Lee KT, Kang YJ, Lee MK, Kim HJ, Yeo JY, Choi MS. 2007. The anti-diabetic effects of ethanol extract from two variants of Artemisia princeps Pampanini in C57BL/ KsJ-db/db mice. Food Chem Toxicol 45: 2022-2029. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2007.04.021
  7. Yang HG, Kim HJ, Kim HS, Park SN. 2012. Antioxidative and antibacterial activities of Artemisia princeps Pampanini extracts. Korean J Microbiol Biotechnol 40: 250-260. https://doi.org/10.4014/kjmb.1207.07014
  8. Seo KS, Yun KW. 2011. Antimicrobial activity and total polyphenol content of extracts from Artemisia capillaris Thunb. and Artemisia iwayomogi Kitam. used as Injin. Korean J Plant Res 24: 10-16. https://doi.org/10.7732/kjpr.2011.24.1.010
  9. Moon EW, Park HJ, Park JS. 2015. Properties of jeonbyeong prepared with Artemisia annua L. powder. J Korean Soc Food Culture 30: 644-649. https://doi.org/10.7318/KJFC/2015.30.5.644
  10. Choi MH, Kang JR, Sim HJ, Kang MJ, Seo WT, Bae WY, Shin JH. 2015. Physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant activity of Sumaeyaksuk depending on harvest times and processing methods. Korean J Food Preserv 22: 399-407. https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2015.22.3.399
  11. Hwang CR, Seo WT, Bae WY, Kang MJ, Shin JH. 2014. Physicochemical characteristics and biological activities of Artemisia Argyi H.. J Life Sci 24: 377-385. https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2014.24.4.377
  12. Hwang CR, Seo WT, Kang MJ, Shin JH. 2013. Antioxidant activity of the Sumaeyaksuk tea extracts prepared with different drying and extract conditions. Korean J Food Preserv 20: 546-553. https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2013.20.4.546
  13. Kim MR. 2016. Physicochemical properties and liver-protecting effect of Seomaeyakssuk (Artemisia argyi H.). Ph Dissertation. Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea.
  14. Ha GJ, Lee DS, Seung TW, Park CH, Park SK, Jin DE, Kim NK, Shin HY, Heo HJ. 2015. Anti-amnesic and neuroprotective effects of Artemisia argyi H. (Seomae mugwort) extracts. Korean J Food Sci Technol 47: 380-387. https://doi.org/10.9721/KJFST.2015.47.3.380
  15. Jeong YJ, Seo KI, Kim KS. 1996. Physicochemical properties of marketing and intensive persimmon vinegars. J East Asian Soc Diet Life 6: 355-363.
  16. Choi MH, Sim HJ, Kim GW, Kang MJ, Seo WT, Shin JH. 2016. The quality characteristics of vinegar prepared with different forms of black garlic. J Agric Life Sci 50: 179-190.
  17. Lee DS, Ryu IH, Lee GS, Shin YS, Joen SH. 1999. Optimization in the preparation of aloe vinegar by Acetobacter sp. and inhibitory effect against lipase activity. J Korean Soc Agric Chem Biotechnol 42: 105-110.
  18. Sung NH, Jeong YJ. 2013. Consumer awareness survey on functional properties of vinegar beverage. Food Industry and Nutrition 18(1): 37-42.
  19. Hong SM, Moon HS, Lee JH, Lee HI, Jeong JH, Lee MK, Seo KI. 2012. Development of functional vinegar by using cucumbers. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 41: 927-935. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2012.41.7.927
  20. Kim MJ, Choi JH, Kwon SH, Kim HD, Bang MH, Yang SA. 2013. Characteristics of fermented dropwort extract and vinegar using fermented dropwort extract and its protective effects on oxidative damage in rat glioma C6 cells. Korean J Food Sci Technol 45: 350-355. https://doi.org/10.9721/KJFST.2013.45.3.350
  21. Ann YG, Kim SK, Shin CS. 2001. Studies on wax gourdginseng vinegar. Korean J Food Nutr 14: 52-58.
  22. Frings CS, Fendley TW, Dunn RT, Queen CA. 1972. Improved determination of total serum lipids by the sulfophospho- vanillin reaction. Clin Chem 18: 673-674.
  23. Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. 1972. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem 18: 499-502.
  24. Haglund O, Luostarinen R, Wallin R, Wibell L, Saldeen T. 1991. The effects of fish oil on triglycerides, cholesterol, fibrinogen and malondialdehyde in humans supplemented with vitamin E. J Nutr 121: 165-169. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/121.2.165
  25. Kang SM, Shim JY, Hwang SJ, Hong S, Jang HE, Park MH. 2003. Effects of Saengshik supplementation on health improvement in diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rats. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 32: 906-912. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2003.32.6.906
  26. Yagi K. 1984. Assay for blood plasma or serum. In Method in Enzymology. Packer L, ed. Academic Press, Inc., New York, NY, USA. Vol 105, p 328-331.
  27. Mihara M, Uchiyama M. 1978. Determination of malonaldehyde precursor in tissues by thiobarbituric acid test. Anal Biochem 86: 271-278. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(78)90342-1
  28. Lim BO, Seo TW, Shin HM, Park DK, Kim SU, Cho KH, Kim HC. 2000. Effect of Betulae platyphyllae cortex on free radical in diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin. Kor J Herbology 15: 69-77.
  29. Kwon MJ, Nam TJ. 2006. Effects of Mesangi (Capsosiphon fulvecens) powder on lipid metabolism in high cholesterol fed rats. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 35: 530-535. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2006.35.5.530
  30. Oh YJ, Kwon SH, Choi KB, Kim TS, Yeo IH. 2014. Effect of vinegar made with hydroponic-cultured Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer on body weight and lipid metabolism in highfat diet-fed mice. Korean J Food Sci Technol 46: 743-749. https://doi.org/10.9721/KJFST.2014.46.6.743
  31. Rhee SJ, Park HK. 1984. Changes of lipid concentration and histochemical observation in liver of rats fed high fat diet. Korean J Nutr 17: 113-125.
  32. Lee YS. 2008. Anti-hypercholesterolemic effects of Wasabia japonica in high cholesterol-fed SD strain rats. J Life Sci 18: 747-751. https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2008.18.5.747
  33. Lee YJ, Yang YK, Kim YJ, Kwon O. 2015. Effects of and aqueous extract of purple sweet potato on nonalcoholic fatty liver in high fat/cholesterol-fed mice. J Nutr Health 48: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2015.48.1.1
  34. Park SH, Kwak JS, Park SJ, Han JH. 2004. Effects of beverage including extracts of Artemisia capollaris on fatigue-recovery materials, heart rate and serum lipids in university male athletes. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 33: 839-846. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2004.33.5.839
  35. Park SH, Jang MJ, Hong JH, Rhee SJ, Choi KH, Park MR. 2007. Effects of mulberry leaf extract feeding on lipid status of rats fed high cholesterol diets. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 36: 43-50. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2007.36.1.043
  36. Kang MJ, Shin JH. 2012. The effect of black garlic extract on lipid metabolism in restraint stressed rats. J Life Sci 22: 1529-1537. https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2012.22.11.1529
  37. Nam SM, Ham SS, Oh DH, Kang IJ, Lee SY Chung CK. 1998. Effects of Artemisia iwayomogi Kitamura ethanol extract on lowering serum and liver lipids in rats. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 27: 338-343.
  38. Lee HJ, Hwang EH. 2002. Effects of Artemisia capillaris Thunberg on the plasma and liver lipid metabolism in rats. Korean J Nutr 35: 421-430.
  39. Koh JB, Choi MA. 2003. Effect of Paecilomyes japonica on lipid metabolism in rats fed high fat diet. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 32: 238-243. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2003.32.2.238
  40. Hwang E, Kang B, Kim B, Lee HJ. 2001. Protein quality evaluation and effect of plasma lipid contents of acid hydrolysates of cocoon in rats fed by high cholesterol, high triglyceride and high sucrose diet. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 30: 1004-1009.
  41. Gabriel LP, William RH. 1982. Principles and methods of toxicology. Raban Press, New York, NY, USA. p 407-445.
  42. Reitman S, Frankel S. 1992. A colorimetric method for the determination of serum glutamic oxalacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminases. Am J Clin Pathol 40: 2287-2291.
  43. Kim HT, Kim DD, Ku SK, Kim JW, Jang KH, Oh TH, Lee KW. 2010. Anti-obestic effects of Artemisiae capillaris Herba, Artemisia capillaris stem aqueous extracts on the high fat diet supplied mice. J Vet Clin 27: 348-365.
  44. Kang YJ, Kim HJ, Han JS. 2011. Effects of Ishige okamurae extract supplement on blood glucose and antioxidant systems in type 2 diabetic patients. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 40: 1726-1733. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2011.40.12.1726
  45. Kim SM, Ko JH, Shim EJ, Lee DH, Cho DJ, Kim DH, Min KS, Yoo KY. 2008. Serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen change in low birth weight infants during their first days of life. Korean J Perinatol 19: 181-189.
  46. Lee SD, Park HH. 2000. Effect of feeding basal diet supplemented with mugwort powder on the serum components in rat. Korean J Food Nutr 13: 446-452.
  47. Kim HJ, Choi SW, Cho SH. 2010. Effects of various mulberry products on the blood glucose and lipid status of streptozotocin- induced diabetic rats. Korean J Nutr 43: 551-560. https://doi.org/10.4163/kjn.2010.43.6.551
  48. Yang KM, Shin SR, Jang JH. 2006. Effect of combined extract of safflower seed with herbs on blood glucose level and biochemical parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 35: 150-157. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2006.35.2.150
  49. Kim KS, Lee MY. 1996. Effects of Artemisia selengensis methanol extract on ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in rat liver. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 25: 581-587.
  50. Nam SM, Kim JG, Ham SS, Kim SJ, Chung ME, Chung CK. 1999. Effects of Artemisia iwayomogi extracts on antioxidant enxymes in rats administered benzo(${\alpha}$)pyrene. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 28: 199-204.
  51. Kang KM, Lee SH. 2013. Effects of extraction methods on the antioxidative activity of Artemisia sp.. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 42: 1249-1254. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2013.42.8.1249