Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회지)

The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회)
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Effect of Fermented Cirsium japonicum Extract on Testosterone Deficiency Syndrome

엉겅퀴 발효 추출물을 통한 남성 갱년기 증상 개선 효과

  • 정병서 (중원대학교 의생명과학과) ;
  • 김성훈 (중원대학교 의생명과학과) ;
  • 김현표 (중원대학교 의생명과학과)
  • Received : 2017.04.05
  • Accepted : 2017.07.05
  • Published : 2017.07.31
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Abstract

As men get older, total testosterone levels decline gradually, and concentrations of free and bioavailable testosterone decline sharply with each decade beyond their 30s. Andropause or testosterone deficiency syndrome (TDS) is defined as a decrease in sexual satisfaction or decline in general well-being accompanied by low levels of testosterone in older men. This male climacteric is characterized by nervousness, reduced potency, decreased libido, irritability, fatigue, depression, memory problems, sleep disturbances, and hot flushes. Cirsium japonicum (CJ) is used as a traditional medicine for hemorrhage, blood congestion, and inflammation in Korea. However, there is no report on the efficacy of CJ treatment for TDS. In this study, we observed the mitigating effect of CJ extract (CE) and fermented CJ extract (FCE) on symptoms of TDS. In elderly male rats, total and testosterone levels, hind limbs muscles, forced swimming time, and total and motile sperm counts significantly increased after daily intake of CE and FCE for 6 weeks. In contrast, sex hormone binding globulin, retroperitoneal fat, total serum cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were significantly reduced in CE and FCE groups. However, there was no difference in prostate specific antigen, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase levels among all groups, which means CE and FCE did not have putative adverse effects. In a cell experiment, we also observed that CE and FCE enhanced expression of genes related to testosterone biosynthesis but reduced genes involved in testosterone conversion. On the whole, these positive effects on TDS were greater in FCE compared to CE. Thus, these results suggest the potential of FCE as a promising natural product for recovering testosterone levels and alleviating TDS.

본 연구에서는 엉겅퀴 추출물(CE) 및 엉겅퀴 발효추출물(FCE)이 남성 갱년기 증상의 개선에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 25주령 된 흰쥐에 추출물을 6주간 투여한 후, 간독성, 테스토스테론, SHBG, 정자수 및 정자 운동성, PSA, 복부지방, 근육량, 혈중지질, 운동수행능력 등에 미치는 영향을 조사하였고 세포 실험을 통해 그 기작을 확인하였다. 천연 추출물에서 있을 수 있는 간독성을 측정하기 위해 간 손상의 지표인 AST와 ALT를 측정한 결과 대조군과 차이를 보이지 않았다. CE 및 FCE 투여 후 남성 갱년기에서 감소하는 테스토스테론의 혈중 농도가 증가하였고, 테스토스테론의 생체 내 활성을 저하시키는 SHBG의 농도는 반대로 감소하였다. 총 정자수와 정자 운동성을 측정한 결과에서도 CE 및 FCE 투여군에서 증가한 양상을 나타냈고, 이는 정자 형성과 활동성에 영향을 주는 테스토스테론 농도의 증가와 관련이 있을 것으로 생각된다. 또한, 전립선에 대한 부작용을 알아보기 위해 PSA를 측정하였으나 대조군과 별다른 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 지방조직과 근육에 대한 영향을 측정한 결과 지방조직량은 줄이고 근육량은 늘려 남성 갱년기에서 흔히 나타나는 체지방 증가 및 근육량 감소를 완화시키는 효과가 있는 것으로 생각된다. 또한, 남성 갱년기에서 흔히 동반되는 혈중지질대사 이상에 있어서도 CE 및 FCE 투여군이 총 콜레스테롤과 중성지방은 감소시킨 반면 고밀도 콜레스테롤은 증가시켜 긍정적인 효과가 있는 것을 관찰하였다. 운동수행능력 측정 결과에서는 CE 및 FCE 투여군이 대조군보다 수영시간이 증가하였고, 이는 CE 및 FCE의 투여가 남성 갱년기에서 나타나는 활력의 저하를 회복시킬 수 있음을 시사한다. 끝으로 CE 및 FCE의 테스토스테론 증가기작을 알아보기 위해 세포실험을 통해 테스토스테론 생합성 과정에 관여하는 효소 유전자의 변화를 측정한 결과 처리군에서 합성관련 효소는 모두 증가함을 나타내었고, 전환 관련 효소는 감소함을 나타내었으므로 엉겅퀴 추출물이 테스토스테론 합성을 직접 촉진시킬 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한, CE와 FCE를 비교해 봤을 때 전반적으로 FCE가 더 좋은 효과를 나타내었고, 이는 발효 과정을 통해 엉겅퀴 유효 성분의 증가에 따른 것으로 여겨진다. 결론적으로 본 연구에서는 CE 및 FCE가 남성 갱년기 개선에 도움을 줄 수 있는 좋은 소재로 활용될 수 있다는 가능성을 제시하였다.

Keywords

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