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A Retrospective Analysis of Use in Hospitalized Children with Upper Respiratory Tract Infection

상기도 감염으로 입원한 소아환자에서 항생제 사용에 대한 후향적 분석

  • Jung, Minyoung (Department of Pediatrics, Kosin University College of Medicine) ;
  • Park, Ji Hyun (Department of Pediatrics, Kosin University College of Medicine) ;
  • Oh, Chi Eun (Department of Pediatrics, Kosin University College of Medicine)
  • 정민영 (고신대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실) ;
  • 박지현 (고신대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실) ;
  • 오지은 (고신대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실)
  • Received : 2016.09.22
  • Accepted : 2016.12.26
  • Published : 2017.08.25

Abstract

Purpose: The inappropriate prescription of antibiotics in children with upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) is common. This study evaluated the factors that influence antibiotics use in hospitalized children with viral URTI confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) assay. Methods: The medical records of admitted patients who performed RT-PCR assay for respiratory virus pathogens from January 2013 to November 2014 were examined. The demographic and clinical features were compared between patients who were administered antibiotics at admission and those who were not. We also investigated differences between children who continued antibiotics and those who stopped antibiotics after a viral pathogen was identified. Results: In the total 393 inpatients, the median age was 23 months (interquartile range, 13 to 41.3 months). Antimicrobial agents were prescribed in 79 patients (20.1%) at admission. Patients with acute otitis media (AOM) had higher rates of antibiotics prescription than those without AOM (48.1% vs. 2.2%, P<0.001), with an adjusted odds ratio of 91.1 (95% confidence interval, 30.5 to 271.7). Level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and the proportion of acute rhinosinusitis were also significantly associated with antibiotics use (P<0.001). Among the 44 patients with viruses identified using the RT-PCR method during hospitalization, antibiotic use was continued in 28 patients (63.6%). AOM was statistically associated with continued antibiotic use in the patients (P=0.002). Conclusions: Although the respiratory virus responsible for URTI etiology is identified, clinicians might not discontinue antibiotics if AOM is accompanying. Therefore, careful diagnosis and management of AOM could be a strategy to reduce unjustified antibiotic prescriptions for children with URTI.

목적: 상기도 감염인 소아에게 항생제를 처방하는 것은 아직도 많은 진료실에서 이루어지고 있다. 이 연구는 역전사 중합효소연쇄반응 검사로 호흡기 바이러스가 확인된 이후에도 항생제를 사용한 소아 환자들의 임상적 특징을 조사하고자 하였다. 방법: 2013년 1월부터 2014년 11월에 고신대학교 복음병원 소아청소년과에 상기도 감염으로 입원한 환자 중 역전사 중합효소연쇄반응을 시행한 환자들을 대상으로 후향적 의무기록 분석을 통해 평가하였다. 결과: 상기도 감염으로 진단받은 393명 중 전체 환자 연령의 중앙값은 23개월이었다. 입원 당시 항생제를 처방받은 환자(79명, 20.1%)와 항생제를 처방받지 않은 환자들의 임상적 요인을 비교할 때, 중이염 또는 부비동염의 동반, 높은 고감도 C-반응단백질의 수치가 항생제 처방과 의미 있게 관련 있었다(P<0.001). 입원하여 항생제를 사용하던 중 역전사 중합효소연쇄반응 방법으로 호흡기 바이러스가 확인되었지만, 항생제를 계속 사용한 환자는 44명 중 28명(63.6%)이었다. 항생제를 계속 사용한 환자는 항생제를 중단한 환자와 비교할 때 중이염 동반 비율이 유의하게 높았다(75% vs. 25%, P=0.002). 결론: 본 연구에서 상기도 감염의 원인이 바이러스임을 확인된 소아 환자에게서도 항생제를 지속한 주된 이유는 중이염이 동반되었기 때문이었다. 중이염을 정확하게 진단하고 그 중 항생제가 꼭 필요한 경우를 가려낸다면 소아 상기도 감염에서 불필요한 항생제 사용을 줄이는 데 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다.

Keywords

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