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The Technology Trend of Interconnection Network for High Performance Computing

고성능 컴퓨팅을 위한 인터커넥션 네트워크 기술 동향

  • Cho, Hyeyoung (Division of Supercomputing, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information) ;
  • Jun, Tae Joon (School of Computing Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology) ;
  • Han, Jiyong (School of Computing Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology)
  • 조혜영 (한국과학기술정보연구원 슈퍼컴퓨팅본부) ;
  • 전태준 (한국과학기술원 전산학부) ;
  • 한지용 (한국과학기술원 전산학부)
  • Received : 2017.05.17
  • Accepted : 2017.08.20
  • Published : 2017.08.28

Abstract

With the development of semiconductor integration technology, central processing units and storage devices have been miniaturized and performance has been rapidly developed, interconnection network technology is becoming a more important factor in terms of the performance of high performance computing system. In this paper, we analyze the trend of interconnection network technology used in high performance computing. Interconnect technology, which is the most widely used in the Supercomputer Top 500(2017. 06.), is an Infiniband. Recently, Ethernet is the second highest share after InfiniBand due to the emergence of 40/100Gbps Gigabit Ethernet technology. Gigabit Ethernet, where latency performance is lower than InfiniBand, is preferred in cost-effective medium-sized data centers. In addition, top-end HPC systems that demand high performance are devoting themselves from Ethernet and InfiniBand technologies and are attempting to maximize system performance by introducing their own interconnect networks. In the future, high-performance interconnects are expected to utilize silicon-based optical communication technology to exchange data with light.

반도체 집적 기술의 발전으로 중앙처리장치 및 저장장치가 소형화되고 성능이 빠르게 발전되면서 고성능 컴퓨팅(High Performance Computing) 분야에서 인터커넥션 네트워크가 전체 시스템의 성능을 결정하는데 더욱 중요한 요소가 되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 고성능컴퓨팅 분야에서 사용되는 인터커넥션 네트워크 기술 동향을 분석하였다. 2017년 6월 기준 슈퍼컴퓨터 Top 500에서 가장 많이 사용하고 있는 인터커텍트는 인피니밴드이다. 최근 이더넷은 40/100Gbps 기가비트 이더넷 기술의 등장으로 인피니밴드 다음으로 높은 점유율을 보이고 있다. 지연(latency) 성능이 인피니밴드에 비해 떨어지는 기가비트 이더넷은 비용 대비 효율을 중시하는 중형급 데이터 센터에서 선호하고 있다. 또한 고성능을 요구하는 최상위 HPC 시스템들은 기존의 이더넷, 인피니밴드 기술에서 벗어나, 자체적인 인터커넥트 네트워크를 도입하여 시스템의 성능을 극대화 하는 노력을 하고 있다. 향후 고성능 인터커넥트 분야는 전기 신호기반 데이터 통신에서 한 단계 도약하여, 빛으로 데이터를 주고받는 실리콘 반도체 기반 광송수신 기술이 활용될 것으로 예상된다.

Keywords

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