DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of Helianthus tuberosus Juice Mixed with Dried Bitter Melon Juice on Hypoglycemic Function in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

당뇨유발 흰쥐에서 돼지감자 여주 혼합즙 음용에 의한 혈당저하 효과

  • Yang, Yang (Department of Food and Nutrition, Graduate School, Wonkwang University) ;
  • Kim, Yonghoon (DoCheon Farm) ;
  • Hwang, Eunhee (Department of Food and Nutrition, Wonkwang University)
  • 양양 (원광대학교 대학원 식품영양학과) ;
  • 김용훈 (도천 농원) ;
  • 황은희 (원광대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Received : 2017.03.28
  • Accepted : 2017.07.20
  • Published : 2017.08.31

Abstract

This study was conducted to develop Helianthus tuberosus (HT) juice mixed with dried bitter melon juice and assess its hypoglycemic effect in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. HT juice mixed with 5.0% dried bitter melon juice was used in this study. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups (eight rats per group) and drunk each sample for 4 weeks: normal water [normal control (NC) group], STZ+normal water (STZ group), STZ+HT juice (HT group), STZ+HT juice mixed with 2.5% bitter melon juice (HT2.5 group), and STZ+HT juice mixed with 5.0% bitter melon juice (HT5.0 group). HT juice was diluted to 25% in distilled water and supplied to rats. Food intake, body weight gain, and food efficiency ratio were lower in the STZ group than in the NC group. HT, HT2.5, and HT5.0 groups showed higher parameters than the STZ groups. Water intakes were higher in the STZ group than in the NC group. After 3 weeks, HT, HT2.5, and HT5.0 groups showed lower parameters than the STZ group. After 1 week, blood glucose level of the STZ group ($476.7{\pm}22.8mg/dL$) was significantly higher than those of the HT group ($376.3{\pm}25.8mg/dL$), HT2.5 group ($405.2{\pm}35.1mg/dL$), and HT5.0 group ($342.8{\pm}29.7mg/dL$). After 4 weeks, blood glucose level of the STZ group were significantly higher than those of the HT, HT2.5, and HT5.0 group. Serum insulin levels of the HT group ($3.13{\pm}0.32ng/mL$), HT2.5 group ($3.40{\pm}0.23ng/mL$), and HT5.0 group ($3.48{\pm}0.43ng/mL$) were higher than that of the STZ group ($2.72{\pm}0.53ng/mL$). These results indicate that H. tuberosus juice mixed with dried bitter melon juice helps prevent or attenuate progression of diabetes in rats with STZ-induced diabetes.

식품을 혼합하였을 때 생리 기능 상승효과가 있을 것을 기대하여 돼지감자즙에 건조 여주즙을 5% 혼합하여(돼지감자 여주즙) 일반 영양성분을 알아보았고 streptozotocin(STZ)으로 당뇨를 유발한 흰쥐에 이를 음용수로 4주간 공급하고 혈당지표로서 혈액 포도당 농도 변화, 최종혈당 농도, 경구 당부하 검사, 혈청 인슐린 농도를 실시하였다. 돼지감자 여주즙 100 g당 수분 82.22 g, 열량 67.00 cal, 당류 2.52 g, 탄수화물 15.45 g, 조단백 1.21 g, 조회분 1.02 g, 나트륨 0.49 mg을 함유하였고 포화지방산, 조지질, 콜레스테롤은 검출되지 않았다. 돼지감자 여주즙을 3배의 증류수로 희석하여 4주 동안 음용수로 공급한 흰쥐의 사료 이용효율은 NC군 0.138에 비하여 STZ군은 -0.024~-0.054로 유의적으로 낮았다. 사료섭취량은 적응기간에는 하루 32~34 g이었는데 STZ 투여 1주일 후 NC군의 $38.6{\pm}9.2g$에 비하여 STZ군은 $25.2{\pm}5.4g$으로 실험군별 차이가 컸다. 4주 후에는 NC군의 사료섭취량이 STZ군, HT2.5군, HT5.0군보다 유의적으로 많았다. 흰쥐의 시작 체중은 153.5~163.0 g으로 비슷하였는데 STZ 투여군은 체중이 감소하였다. NC군의 체중은 4주 후 평균 157.0 g 증가하였는데 당뇨유발군들은 4주 동안 체중이 8~44 g 정도 감소하였다. 하루 동안 물 섭취량은 적응 기간에 평균 $75.0{\pm}6.7mL$였는데, STZ 투여 4주 후에는 STZ군이 $159.2{\pm}6.1mL$로 가장 많았고 돼지감자 여주즙군은 NC군보다 많았고 STZ군보다는 적었다. 혈장 포도당의 수준은 NC군의 $113{\pm}4.5mg/dL$에 비하여 STZ 투여 1주일 후 STZ군은 $476.7{\pm}22.8mg/dL$로 약 4배 높았고 HT군은 $376.3{\pm}25.8mg/dL$, HT2.5군은 $405.2{\pm}35.1mg/dL$, HT5.0군은 $342.8{\pm}29.7mg/dL$로 STZ군보다 낮았다. 당부하검사에서 포도당투여 후 120분 동안 혈당을 낮추는 효과가 돼지감자군들에서 컸으며, 돼지감자 여주즙 음용 4주후 흰쥐의 혈청 인슐린분비가 많아졌음을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 결과는 돼지감자 여주즙 음용이 당뇨 개선에 도움이 될 것으로 평가되며 돼지감자의 고부가가치를 높일 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Trudy M, James RM. 2003. Biochemistry: the molecular basis of life. 3rd ed. McGraw-Hill, Boston, MA, USA. p 420.
  2. Ministry of Health and Welfare. 2015. The Third Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES III). Seoul, Korea. p 34.
  3. Kim JL, Bae CR, Cha YS. 2010. Helianthus tuberosus extract has anti-diabetes effects in HIT-T15 cells. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 39: 31-35. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2010.39.1.031
  4. Jeong HJ, Kim JS, Sa YJ, Kim MO, Yang J, Kim MJ. 2011. Antioxidant activity and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory effect of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) methanol extracts by heat treatment conditions. Korean J Med Crop Sci 19: 257-263. https://doi.org/10.7783/KJMCS.2011.19.4.257
  5. Lee CH, Lee YR. 2016. Antioxidative and antidiabetic activities of methanol extracts from different parts of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.). Korean J Food Nutr 29: 128-133. https://doi.org/10.9799/ksfan.2016.29.1.128
  6. Chang WC, Jia H, Aw W, Saito K, Hasegawa S, Kato H. 2014. Beneficial effects of soluble dietary Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) in the prevention of the onset of type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in high-fructose diet-fed rats. Br J Nutr 112: 709-717. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114514001421
  7. Choi BR. 2009. Effect of Helianthus tuberosus supplementation on anti-obesity and glycemic control. MS Thesis. Chonbuk National University, Jeonbuk, Korea.
  8. Seo CR. 2015. The effects of Jerusalem artichoke and fermented soybean powder mixture supplementation on blood glucose and oxidative stress in subjects with prediabetes or newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. MS Thesis. Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
  9. Park HY, An NY, Ryu HK. 2013. The quality characteristics and hypoglycemic effect of cookies containing Helianthus tuberosus powder. Korean J Community Living Sci 24: 233-241. https://doi.org/10.7856/kjcls.2013.24.2.233
  10. Kim HJ, Kim DI, Yon JM. 2015. Effects of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) extracts on blood glucose and lipid metabolism in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Korean J Clin Lab Sci 47: 203-208. https://doi.org/10.15324/kjcls.2015.47.4.203
  11. Zaky EA. 2009. Physiological response to diets fortified with Jerusalem artichoke tubers (Helianthus tuberosus L.) powder by diabeteic rats. Am-Eurasian J Agric Environ Sci 5: 682-688.
  12. Jhon DY, Kim MH. 1986. Studies on inulase from Jerusalem artichoke. J Korean Soc Food Nutr 17: 205-210.
  13. Jang KH, Kang SA, Cho Y, Kim YY, Lee YJ, Hong K, Jang EK, Kim CH, Choue R. 2002. The effects of levan and inulin on the growth of lactic acid-producing bacteria and intestinal conditions in rats. Korean J Nutr 35: 912-918.
  14. Kim CG, Kim SI, Shin HK. 1993. Effect of fructooligosaccharide-inulin of Jerusalem artichoke on the growth of intestinal microorganisms of pig. Korean J Food Sci Technol 25: 395-399.
  15. Shin SH, Kwon SJ, Jo HJ, Go D, Han J. 2012. Extraction and analysis of inulin from Jerusalem artichoke. Food Science and Industry 45(4): 50-58.
  16. Kim YS, Lee SJ, Hwang JW, Kim EH, Park PJ, Jeon BT. 2011. Antioxidant activity and protective effects of extracts from Helianthus tuberosus L. leaves on t-BHP induced oxidative stress in Chang cells. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 40: 1525-1531. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2011.40.11.1525
  17. Kim JW, Kim JK, Song IS, Kwon ES, Youn KS. 2013. Comparison of antioxidant and physiological properties of Jerusalem artichoke leaves with different extraction processes. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 42: 68-75. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2013.42.1.068
  18. Song RY. 1995. The cytotoxic constituents of Helianthus tuberosus L.. MS Thesis. Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.
  19. Lee JS, Yeom TR, Shin HK. 1998. Effects of Jerusalem artichoke and chicory on lipid metabolism in rats. Korean J Nutr 31: 13-20.
  20. Takeuchi J, Nagashima T. 2011. Preparation of dried chips from Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) tubers and analysis of their functional properties. Food Chem 126: 922-926. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.11.080
  21. Pan L, Sinden MR, Kennedy AH, Chai H, Watson LE, Graham TL, Kinghorn AD. 2009. Bioactive constituents of Helianthus tuberosus (Jerusalem artichoke). Phytochem Lett 2: 15-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2008.10.003
  22. Chen F, Long X, Liu Z, Shao H, Liu L. 2014. Analysis of phenolic acids of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) responding to salt-stress by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Sci World J 2014: 568043.
  23. Jeong JH, Lee SH, Hue JJ, Lee KN, Nam SY, Yun YW, Jeong SW, Lee YH, Lee BJ. 2008. Effect of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) on anti-diabetic activity in C57BL/6J db/db mice. Korean J Vet Res 48: 327-336.
  24. Welihinda J, Karunanayake EH, Sheriff MHH, Jayasinghe KSA. 1986. Effect of Momordica charantia on the glucose tolerance in maturity onset diabetes. J Ethnopharmacol 17: 277-282. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(86)90116-9
  25. Ali L, Khan AKA, Mamun MIR, Mosihuzzaman M, Nahar N, Nur-e-Alam M, Rokeya B. 1993. Studies on hypoglycemic effects of fruit pulp, seed, and whole plant of Momordica charantia on normal and diabetic model rats. Planta Med 59: 408-412. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-959720
  26. Kim MW. 2013. Effect of bitter melon on plasma blood glucose and cholesterol levels in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. J East Asian Soc Diet Life 23: 704-712.
  27. Kim C, Yang Y, Hwang E. 2016. Development of bitter melon juice mixed with condensed oat juice and its hypoglycemic effect in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Korean J Hum Ecol 25: 227-238. https://doi.org/10.5934/kjhe.2016.25.2.227
  28. Son HK, Han JH, Lee JJ. 2014. Anti-diabetic effect of the mixture of mulberry leaf and green tea powder in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Korean J Food Preserv 21: 549-559. https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2014.21.4.549
  29. Lee HJ, Moon JH, Lee WM, Lee SG, Kim AK, Woo YH, Park DK. 2012. Charantin contents and fruit characteristics of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) accessions. J Bio-Environ Control 21: 379-384. https://doi.org/10.12791/KSBEC.2012.21.4.379
  30. Lee SJ, Shin JH, Ju JC, Kang SK, Sung NJ. 2013. Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Orostachys japonicus with medicinal herbs in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 42: 587-594. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2013.42.4.587
  31. Roh SG, Choi WC. 2011. Antidiabetic synergistic effects of medicinal plant extract mixtures on db/db mice. J Life Sci 21: 165-175. https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2011.21.2.165
  32. KFDA. 2011. Korean Food Standards Codex. Korea Food & Drug Administration, Cheongwon, Korea.
  33. Kim HN, Yu SY, Yoon WB, Jang SM, Jang YJ, Lee OH. 2014. Analysis of nutritional components and physicochemical properties of hot-air dried Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) powder. Korean J Food Sci Technol 46: 73-78. https://doi.org/10.9721/KJFST.2014.46.1.73
  34. Tian HL, Wei LS, Xu ZX, Zhao RT, Jin DL, Gao JS. 2010. Correlations between blood glucose level and diabetes signs in streptozotocin induced diabetic mice. Global J Pharmacol 4: 111-116.
  35. Kim AR, Lee JJ, Cha SS, Chang HC, Lee MY. 2012. Effect of soybeans, chungkukjang, and doenjang on blood glucose and serum lipid profile in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 41: 621-629. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2012.41.5.621
  36. Kim SR, Seog HM, Choi HD, Park YK. 2002. Cholesterollowering effects in rat liver fed barley and ${\beta}$-glucan-enriched barley fraction with cholesterol. Korean J Food Sci Technol 34: 319-324.
  37. Kim SS, Lim KS, Kim HJ, Chong MS, Cho HE, Choi YH, Lee KN. 2008. Effects of extracts from mixed culture with Tricholoma matsutake mycelium and Cordyceps militaris mycelium on blood glucose in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Korean J Orient Physiol Pathol 22: 365-370.
  38. Lee JS, Son HS, Maeng YS, Chang YK, Ju JS. 1994. Effects of buckwheat on organ weight, glucose and lipid metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Korean J Nutr 27: 819-827.
  39. Park HS, Kim WK, Kim, HP, Yoon YG. 2015. The efficacy of lowering blood glucose levels using the extract of fermented bitter melon in diabetic mice. J Appl Biol Chem 58: 259-265. https://doi.org/10.3839/jabc.2015.041
  40. Kim YJ. 2012. Antidiabetic and antioxidative effects of bitter melon on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. MS Thesis. Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea.