Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science (한국약용작물학회지)

The Korean Society of Medicinal Crop Science (한국약용작물학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Antimutagenic Effect of Mulberry Leaf Extract

뽕잎 추출물의 돌연변이 억제효과

  • Lim, Bum Hyuk (Department of Industrial and System Engineering, KAIST) ;
  • Park, Chang Gyun (Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Cho, Hyun Ki (Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Lim, Heung Bin (Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University)
  • 임범혁 (한국과학기술원) ;
  • 박창균 (충북대학교 응용생명공학부) ;
  • 조현기 (충북대학교 응용생명공학부) ;
  • 임흥빈 (충북대학교 응용생명공학부)
  • Received : 2017.06.26
  • Accepted : 2017.08.16
  • Published : 2017.08.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Background: The present study was carried out to asses whether mulberry leaves (MLs) have the potential to inhibit the mutagenic effect of cigarette smoke condensates (CSCs). Methods and Results: ML powder was extracted with 70% ethanol, and a yield of 35.1% by weight was obtained. The 70% ethanol extract of ML was further extracted sequentially using diethyl ether, chloroform, butanol, dichloromethane and water. The crude 70% ethanol extract of MLs and its solvent fractions did not show any mutagenic effect when tested at concentrations up to 1 mg/plate against Salmonella typhimurium TA98. In contrast, the crude 70% ethanol extract showed an inhibitory activity against the mutagenicity of CSCs in the presence of S-9 mixture. Among the solvent fractions, the diethyl ether fraction showed the highest inhibitory activity, which increased in a dose-dependent manner, inhibiting mutagenesis by approximately 97.1% at a concentration of 1 mg/plate. Conclusions: In this study, we found that a crude 70% ethanol extract of MLs and the diethyl ether fraction themselves are potentially not mutagenic, but inhibit the mutagenic effect of CSCs.

Keywords

References

  1. Brusick DJ. (2008). A critical review of the genetic toxicity of steviol and steviol glycosides. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 46:S83-S91.
  2. Chang BY, Kim SB, Lee MK, Park H and Kim SY. (2016). Nonclinical safety assessment of Morus alba L. fruits: Study of 90-D toxicity in Sprague Dawley rats and genotoxicity in Salmonella. Journal of Food Science. 81:1328-1335. https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.13285
  3. Chen PN, Chu SC, Chiou HL, Kuo WH, Chiang CL and Hsieh YS. (2006). Mulberry anthocyanins, cyanidin 3-rutinoside and cyanidin 3-glucoside, exhibited an inhibitory effect on the migration and invasion of a human lung cancer cell line. Cancer Letters. 235:248-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2005.04.033
  4. Choi KH, Lee HA, Park MH and Han JS. (2016). Mulberry(Morus alba L.) fruit extract containing anthocyanins improves glycemic control and insulin sensitivity via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase in diabetic C57BL/Ksj-db/db mice. Journal of Medicinal Food. 19:737-745. https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2016.3665
  5. Geng CA, Ma YB, Zhang XM, Yao SY, Xue DQ, Zhang RP and Chen JJ. (2012). Mulberrofuran G and isomulberrofuran G from Morus alba L.: Anti-hepatitis B virus activity and mass spectrometric fragmentation. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 60:8197-8202. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf302639b
  6. Greenwell M and Rahman PKSM. (2015). Medicinal plants: Their use in anticancer treatment. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research. 6:4103-4112.
  7. Ham SS, Park GG, Park YH and Park WB. (1992). Antimutagenic effect of the extracts of comfrey. Journal of Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition. 21:539-543.
  8. Han HM, Kwon YS and Kim MJ. (2016). Antioxidant and antiproliferative activity of extracts from water chestnut(Trapa Japonica Flerow). Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science. 24:14-20. https://doi.org/10.7783/KJMCS.2016.24.1.14
  9. Harauma A, Murayama T, Ikeyama K, Sano H, Arai H, Takano R, Kita T, Hara S, Kamei K and Yokode M. (2007). Mulberry leaf powder prevents arthertosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 358:751-756. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.04.170
  10. Hong CE and Lyu SY. (2012). The antimutagenic effect of mistletoe lectin(Viscum album L. var. coloratum agglutinin). Phytotherapy Research. 26:787-790. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.3639
  11. Horn RC and Vargas VMF. (2008). Mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of teas used in popular medicine in the Salmonella/microsome assay. Toxicology In Vitro. 22:1043-1049. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2007.12.014
  12. Jeong ET, Park MY, Lee JG and Chang DS. (1998). Antimicrobial activity and antimutagenesis of cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia Blume) bark extract. Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety. 13:337-343.
  13. Jo SP, Kim JK and Lim YH. (2014). Antihyperlipidemic effects of stilbenoids isolated from Morus alba in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 65:213-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2013.12.040
  14. Kang TH, Hur JY, Kim HB, Ryu JH and Kim SY. (2006). Neuroprotective effects of the cyanidin-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside isolated from mulberry fruit against cerebral ischemia. Neuroscience Letter. 391:122-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2005.08.053
  15. Khunakornvichaya A, Lekmeechai S, Pham PP, Himakoun W, Pitaksuteepong T, Morales NP and Hemstapat W. (2016). Morus alba L. stem extract attenuates pain and articular cartilage damage in the anterior cruciate ligament transection-induced rat model of osteoarthritis. Pharmacology. 98:209-216. https://doi.org/10.1159/000447973
  16. Kikuchi T, Nihei M, Nagai H, Fukushi H, Tabata K, Suzuki T and Akihisa T. (2010). Albanol A from the root bark of Morus alba L. induces apoptotic cell death in HL60 human leukemia cell line. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 58:568-571. https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.58.568
  17. Kim JY, Ok HM, Kim J, Park SW, Kwon SW and Kwon O. (2015a). Mulberry leaf extract improves postprandial glucose response in prediabetic subjects: A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Medicinal Food. 18:306-313. https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2014.3160
  18. Kim KH, Chung WS, Kim Y, Kim KS, Lee IS, Park JY, Jeong HS, Na YC, Lee CH and Jang HJ. (2015b). Transcriptomic anaysis reveals wound healing of Morus alba root extract by up-regulating karatin filament and CXCL 12/CXCR4 signaling. Phytotherapy Research. 29:1251-1258. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5375
  19. Kim MJ, Kim JS, Jeong DM, Ham SS and Yu CY. (2002a). Effect of antioxidant, antimutagenicity and anticancer of root extract from Ixeris denate Nakai. Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science. 10:222-229.
  20. Kim MJ, Kim JS, Kang WH and Yeon KD. (2002b). Antimutagenic and cytotoxic effects of extracts of Kalopanax pictus Nakai endodermis. Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science. 10:132-138.
  21. Lee JJ, Yang H, Yoo YM, Hong SS, Lee D, Lee HJ, Lee HJ, Myung CS, Choi KC and Jeung EB. (2012). Morusinol extracted from Morus alba inhibits arterial thrombosis and modulates platelet activation for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis. 19:516-522. https://doi.org/10.5551/jat.10058
  22. Lee JS, Kim YR, Park JM, Ha SJ, Kim YE, Baek NI and Hong EK. (2014). Mulberry fruit extract protects pancreatic ${\beta}$-cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis via antioxidative activity. Molecules. 19:8904-8915. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules19078904
  23. Lee YJ, Choi DH, Kim EJ, Kim HY, Kwon TO, Kang DG and Lee HS. (2011). Hypotensive, hypolipidemic, and vascular protective effects of Morus alba L. in rats fed an athergenic diet. The American Journal of Chinese Medicine. 39:39-52. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X11008634
  24. Lim HJ, Jin HG, Woo ER, Lee SK and Kim HP. (2013). The root barks of Morus alba and the flavonoid constituents inhibit airway inflammation. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 149:169-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.06.017
  25. Maron DM and Ames BN. (1983). Revised methods for the Salmonella mutagenicity test. Mutation Research / Environment Mutagenesis and Related Subjects. 113:173-215. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1161(83)90010-9
  26. Nam S, Jang HW and Shibamoto T. (2012). Antioxidant activities of extracts from teas prepared from medicinal plants, Morus alba L., Camellia sinensis L., and Cudrania tricuspidata, and their volatile components. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry. 60:9097-9105. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf301800x
  27. Naowaratwattana W, De-Eknamkul W and De Mejia FG. (2010). Phenolic-containing organic extracts of mulberry(Morus alba L.) leaves inhibit HepG2 hepatoma cells through G2/M phase arrest, induction of apoptosis, and inhibition of topoisomerase $II{\alpha}$ activity. Journal of Medicinal Food. 13:1045-1056. https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2010.1021
  28. Nattapong S and Omboon L. (2008). A new source of whitening agent from a Thai mulberry plant and its betulinic acid quantitation. Natural Product Research. 22:727-734. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786410601130794
  29. Park JH, Jang TW and Lee SH. (2016). Antioxidative activities and inhibition effects on oxidative DNA damage of Valeriana fauriei. Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science. 24:464-470. https://doi.org/10.7783/KJMCS.2016.24.6.464
  30. Shin PH, Chan YC, Liao JW, Wang MF and Yen GC. (2010). Antioxidant and cognitive promotion effects of anthocyanin-rich mulberry(Morus atropurpurea L.) on senescence-accelerated mice and prevention of Alzheimer's disease. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry. 21:598-605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.03.008
  31. Wongwattanasathien O, Kangsadalampai K and Tongyonk L. (2010). Antimutagenicity of some flowers grown in Thailand. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 48:1045-1051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2010.01.018
  32. Yang ZG, Matsuzaki K, Takamatsu S and Kitanaka S. (2011). Inhibitory effects of constituents from Morus alba var. multicaulis on differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells and nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 cells. Molecules. 16:6010-6022. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules16076010