Journal of Nutrition and Health

  • 제50권4호
  • /
  • Pages.350-360
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  • 2017
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  • 2288-3886(pISSN)
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  • 2288-3959(eISSN)
한국영양학회 (The Korean Nutrition Society)
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한국 여자 청소년과 성인 여성의 혈청 철 영양상태 및 식품 섭취와 혈중 중금속 농도와의 상관성 : 2010~2011 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여

Association of iron status and food intake with blood heavy metal concentrations in Korean adolescent girls and women: Based on the 2010~2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

  • 김지영 (동덕여자대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 신민서 (동덕여자대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 김성희 (동덕여자대학교 임상영양학과) ;
  • 서지현 (동덕여자대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 마혜선 (동덕여자대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 양윤정 (동덕여자대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Kim, Jiyoung (Department of Food and Nutrition, Dongduk Women's University) ;
  • Shin, Minseo (Department of Food and Nutrition, Dongduk Women's University) ;
  • Kim, Sunghee (Department of Clinical Nutrition, Dongduk Women's University) ;
  • Seo, Jihyun (Department of Food and Nutrition, Dongduk Women's University) ;
  • Ma, Hyesun (Department of Food and Nutrition, Dongduk Women's University) ;
  • Yang, Yoon Jung (Department of Food and Nutrition, Dongduk Women's University)
  • 투고 : 2017.03.30
  • 심사 : 2017.07.31
  • 발행 : 2017.08.31
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초록

본 연구는 제5기 (2010~2011) 국민건강영양조사를 이용하여, 초경 후 여자 청소년, 폐경 전 여성과 폐경 후 여성을 대상으로 철 영양상태 및 식품 섭취 빈도와 혈중 중금속 농도와의 상관성을 규명하고자 수행되었고, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 폐경 후 여성, 폐경 전 여성, 여자 청소년 순으로 혈중 납, 수은, 카드뮴 농도가 높았다. 수은 중독 비율은 폐경 후 여성에서 가장 높았다. 2) 철 영양 상태와 결핍은 초경 후 청소년의 경우, 혈청 페리틴 농도의 평균값이 가장 낮았고, 폐경 전 여성의 경우 헤모글로빈, 헤마토크릿 농도의 평균값이 가장 낮았고, 헤모글로빈, 헤마토크릿, 혈청 페리틴, 철 결핍비율이 가장 높았다. 3) 철 영양상태와 혈중 중금속 농도 관계에서 초경 후 청소년은 철 영양 상태가 나쁠수록 혈중 카드뮴 농도가 높았다. 폐경 전 여성도 철 영양 상태가 나쁠수록 혈중 카드뮴 농도가 높았으나, 혈중 납 농도, 혈중 수은 농도는 낮아 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 폐경 후 여성은 철 영양 상태가 좋을수록 혈중 납 농도는 낮았고, 혈중 수은 농도, 혈중 카드뮴 농도는 높았다. 4) 혈중 중금속 농도와 식품군별 섭취빈도의 상관성은 초경 후 청소년의 경우, 혈중 납 농도는 우유 및 유제품 섭취 빈도와 음의 상관관계를 보였고, 혈중 수은 농도는 생선 및 어패류 섭취 빈도와 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 혈중 카드뮴 농도는 곡류, 우유 및 유제품 섭취 빈도와 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 폐경 전 여성의 경우, 혈중 납 농도와 서류, 육류 및 난류, 과일 섭취 빈도와 음의 상관관계를 보였고, 혈중 수은 농도는 생선 및 어패류 섭취 빈도와 양의 상관관계를 보였고, 곡류, 서류 섭취 빈도와 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 혈중 카드뮴 농도는 서류, 육류 및 난류 섭취 빈도와 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 폐경 후 여성의 경우, 혈중 납 농도는 패스트푸드 및 튀긴 음식 섭취 빈도와 음의 상관관계를 보였고, 혈중 수은 농도는 서류 섭취 빈도와 음의 상관관계를 보였고, 과일섭취 빈도와 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때, 폐경 후 여성의 혈중 중금속 농도와 중독비율이 다른 여성에 비해 더 높았고, 폐경 전 여성의 철 영양상태가 초경 후 청소년과 폐경 후 여성에 비해 좋지 않았다. 초경 후 청소년은 철 영양상태가 나쁠수록 혈중 카드뮴 농도는 높았으며, 우유 및 유제품의 섭취 빈도는 혈중 납 농도, 혈중 카드뮴 농도와 음의 상관관계에 있었다. 폐경 전 여성의 경우, 철 영양상태가 나쁠수록 혈중 카드뮴 농도는 높았으며, 생선 및 어패류 섭취 빈도가 많을수록 혈중 수은 농도가 높아졌다. 결론적으로 여성의 연령, 월경여부 등으로 인해 철 영양상태가 상이함에 따라 혈중 중금속 종류에 따른 농도와의 상관성이 달랐으며, 식품군 섭취빈도와의 상관관계도 다르게 나타남을 확인하였다.

Purpose: This study examined and compared the associations of the iron status and food intake with the blood lead, mercury, and cadmium concentrations among Korean adolescent girls, premenopausal women, and postmenopausal women. Methods: The data from the 2010~2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) was used. The subjects were classified into three groups: adolescent girls (n = 268), premenopausal women (n = 1,157), and postmenopausal women (n = 446). The iron status was assessed by hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum ferritin, and iron concentrations, as well as the total iron binding capacity (TIBC). The food intake was estimated by a food frequency questionnaire. Results: The blood heavy metal concentrations and poisoning rate in postmenopausal women were higher than in the other groups. The iron status in the adolescent girls and postmenopausal women was higher than that in the premenopausal women. In the adolescent girls, the iron status was inversely associated with the blood cadmium concentration. The dairy food intake was inversely related to the blood lead and cadmium concentrations. In premenopausal women, the iron status was inversely associated with the cadmium concentrations. The fish and shellfish food intakes were positively associated with the mercury concentrations. In postmenopausal women, the iron status was positively associated with the mercury and cadmium concentrations. Fast foods and fried foods were inversely associated with the lead concentration. Conclusion: The premenopausal women showed a lower iron status than the adolescent girls and postmenopausal women. The associations of the iron status with the blood heavy metal concentrations were different among the adolescent girls, premenopausal women, and postmenopausal women. In addition, the relationships of the food intakes with the blood heavy metal concentrations differed among adolescent girls, premenopausal women, and postmenopausal women. Further studies will be needed to confirm these findings.

키워드

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