Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology (한국방사선학회논문지)

The Korean Society of Radiology (한국방사선학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Monte Carlo Simulation for Radiation Protection Sheets of Pb-Free

무연 방사선 차폐 시트에 대한 몬테카를로 전산모사

  • Chon, Kwon Su (Department of Radiological Science, Daegu Catholic University)
  • 천권수 (대구가톨릭대학교 방사선학과)
  • Received : 2017.08.14
  • Accepted : 2017.08.31
  • Published : 2017.08.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Radiation protection equipment has widely used to protect human body from radiations, for example X-ray and gamma ray. The material of the radiation protection equipment is mainly lead (Pb) which has brought out lead poisoning and pollution when the equipment is fallen into disuse. This problem makes research and development find new Pb-free materials for use of radiation protection. Manufacturing and evaluation processes for developing those material were carried out repletely until obtaining the performance of protection rate. In this study, combination possibility of shielding material was studied using Geant4 monte carlo simulation. X-ray tube under the same condition in the real measurement of the protection rate was simulated, and X-ray tube spectrum was obtained. The X-ray tube spectrum was applied to study on the protection rate and lead equivalent. The porosity effect was simulated, and was one of key factors to determine protection rate or lead equivalent in radiation protection sheet of Pb-free.

방사선 특히, 엑스선 또는 감마선으로부터 인체를 보호하기 위해 납(Pb)으로 된 보호 장구를 광범위하게 사용해왔다. 최근 납 중독 및 환경오염의 문제로 납을 대신하는 무연 방사선 차폐재의 개발이 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 차폐재의 성능 확보를 위해서는 제작 및 평가의 순환 사이클을 반복하게 된다. 본 연구는 실제 무연 방사선 차폐소재의 제작에 앞서 차폐재의 성능을 몬테카를로 전산모사를 통해 확인함으로써 가능한 차폐소재의 조합을 연구하였다. 방사선 차폐소재의 평가에 사용되는 조건으로 엑스선관을 Geant4를 이용하여 전산모사하고 획득된 광자 스펙트럼을 이용하여 텅스텐과 비스무스의 조합에 따른 차폐소재의 성능을 평가하였다. 차폐소재의 공극에 따른 성능 저하도 평가하였다. 방사선 차폐 소재 개발 시 공극률을 줄이는 것이 중요한 인자라는 것을 알 수 있었다.

Keywords

References

  1. R. Telule, "Radiation-induced DNA Damage and Its Repair," International Journal of Radiation Biology and Related Studies in Physics, Chemistry and Medicine, Volume 51, No. 4, pp. 573-589, 1987. https://doi.org/10.1080/09553008414552111
  2. P. A. Riley, "Free Radicals in Biology: Oxidative Stress and the Effects of Ionizing Radiation," International Journal of Radiation Biology, Volume 65, No. 1, pp. 27-33, 1993.
  3. D. T. Goodhead,, "The Initial Physical Damage Produced by Ionizing Radiations," International Journal of Radiation Biology, Volume 56, No. 5, pp. 623-634, 1989. https://doi.org/10.1080/09553008914551841
  4. A. C. Upton, "The Biological Effects of Low-Level Ionizing Radiation," Scientific American, Vol. 246, No. 2, pp.41-49 1982. https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0282-41
  5. A. Martin, S. Harbison, K. Beach, R. Cole, AN INTRODUCTION TO RADIATION PROTECTION, 6th Ed., CRC Press, FL, 2012.
  6. E. Vano. L. Gonzalez, E. Guibelalde, J. Fernandez, J. Ten, "Radiation exposure to medical staff in interventional and cardiac radiology," The British Institute of Radiology, Vol. 71 pp.954-960, 1998.
  7. J. Heron, R Padovani, I. Smith, R. Czarwinski, "Radiation protection of medical staff, European," Journal of Radiology, Vol. 76, pp.20-23, 2010.
  8. B. Schueler, "Operator Shielding: How and Why," Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Vol. 13, pp.167-171, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.tvir.2010.03.005
  9. E. Millstone, J. Russel, "Lead toxicity and public health policy," Perspectives in Public Health, Vol. 115, pp.347-350, 1995.
  10. K. Kirdsiri, J. Kaewkhao, N. Chanthima, P. Limsuwana, "Comparative study of silicate glasses containing Bi2O3, PbO and BaO: radiation shielding and optical properties," Annals of Nuclear Energy, Vol. 38, pp.1438-1441, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anucene.2011.01.031
  11. N. Chanthima, J. Kaewkhao, P. Limsuwan, "Study of photon interactions and shielding properties of silicate glasses containing Bi2O3, BaO and PbO in the energy region of 1 keV to 100 GeV," Annals of Nuclear Energy, Vol. 41, pp.119-124, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anucene.2011.10.021
  12. S. Kaewjang, U. Maghanemi, S. Kothan, H. Kim, P. Limkitjaroenporn, J. Kaewkhao, "New gadolinium based glasses for gamma-rays shielding materials," Nuclear Engineering and Design, Vol. 280, pp.21-26, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2014.08.030
  13. P. Kaur, D. Singh, T. Singh, "Heavy metal oxide glasses as gamma rays shielding material," Nuclear Engineering and Design, Vol. 307, pp.364-376, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2016.07.029
  14. H. Mori, K. Koshida, O. Ishigamori, K. Matsubara, "Evaluation of the effectiveness of X-ray protective aprons in experimental and practical fields," Radiological Physics and Techology, Vol. 7, pp.158-166, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12194-013-0246-x
  15. M. Zuguchi, K. Chida, M. Taura, Y. Inaba, A. Ebata, S. Yamada, "Usefulness of non-lead aprons in radiation protection for physicians performing interventional procedures," Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Vol. 131, pp.531-534, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncn244
  16. S. Agostinelli, et al., "Geant4-a simulation toolkit," Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A, Vol. 506, No. 3, pp. 250-303, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9002(03)01368-8
  17. J. Allison et al., "Geant4 developments and applications," IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. 53, pp.270-278, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2006.869826
  18. V. Ivanchenko, "Geant4 toolkit for simulation of HEP experiments," Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A, Vol. 502, pp.666-668, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9002(03)00538-2
  19. H. Jiang, H. Paganetti, "Adaptation of GEANT4 to Monte Carlo dose calculations based on CT data," Medical Physics, Vol. 31, pp.2811-2818, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.1796952
  20. E. Poon, F. Verhaegen, "Accuracy of the photon and electron physics in GEANT4 for radiotherapy applications," Medical Physics, Vol. 32, pp.1696-1711, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1118/1.1895796
  21. M. Ay, M. Shahriari, S. Sarkar, M. Adib, H. Zaidi, "Monte carlo simulation of x-ray spectra in diagnostic radiology and mammography using MCNP4C," Physics in Medicine and Biology, Vol. 49, pp.4897-4917, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/49/21/004