Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life (동아시아식생활학회지)

The East Asian Society of Dietary Life (동아시아식생활학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Comparison of Relationship between Biochemical Indices and Bone Mineral Density of Pre- and Post- Menopausal Women in Gyeongnam Area

경남 일부지역 폐경 전·후 여성들의 골밀도와 생화학지수들과의 관련성에 관한 비교연구

  • Park, Mi-Young (Korean Food Cultural Foundation) ;
  • Kim, Sung-Hee (Dept. of Food and Nutrition/Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University)
  • 박미영 (한국음식문화재단) ;
  • 김성희 (경상대학교 식품영양학과/농업생명과학연구원)
  • Received : 2017.06.29
  • Accepted : 2017.08.04
  • Published : 2017.08.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study was carried out to compare the relationship between biochemical indices and bone mineral density (BMD) in 50 pre-menopausal and 50 post-menopausal women. The subjects were divided into normal and risk groups according to their bone status, as determined by T-scores of the lumbar spine and femur. The average T-score of the lumbar spine was higher (p<0.05) in pre-menopausal women ($0.42{\pm}0.18$) than post-menopausal women ($-0.08{\pm}0.21$). Serum levels of HDL-cholesterol, P, and Fe were significantly higher in the risk group than the normal group in pre-menopausal women (p<0.05). Serum levels of total protein, globulin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and osteocalcin were lower in the risk group than the normal group, whereas the level of estrogen was higher in the normal group than the risk group in post-menopausal women (p<0.05). In pre-menopausal women, P was positively correlated with Ca (p<0.01), and ALP was positively correlated with osteocalcin (p<0.01) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) (p<0.05). Further, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) was negatively correlated with the vitamin $25(OH)D_3$ and vitamin K (p<0.05). In post- menopausal women, the Ca was positively correlated with vitamin $25(OH)D_3$ (p<0.05) and vitamin K (p<0.01), and P was positively correlated with vitamin K (p<0.01), Ca (p<0.01), and IGF-I (p<0.05) and negatively correlated with PTH (p<0.05). IGF-I was negatively correlated with PTH (p<0.01) and estrogen (p<0.05), and ALP was positively correlated with osteocalcin (p<0.01) and negatively correlated with vitamin K and estrogen (p<0.05). In pre-menopausal women, the lumbar spine BMD was positively correlated with vitamin K level (p<0.01) and negatively correlated with P level (p<0.05). In post-menopausal women, the femur BMD was positively correlated with estrogen level and negatively correlated with PTH leves (p<0.05). These results suggest that vitamin K and P levels are associated with bone health in pre-menopausal women, and estrogen and PTH levels are associated with bone health in post-menopausal women.

Keywords

References

  1. Angus R, Sambrook P, Pocock N, Eisman J (1988) Dietary intake and bone mineral density. Bone Miner 4(3): 265-277.
  2. Bai XC, Lu D, Bai J, Zheng H, Ke ZY, Li XM, Luo SQ (2004) Oxidative stress inhibits osteoblastic differentiation of bone cells by ERK and NF-kappa B. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 314(1): 197-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.12.073
  3. Barrett-Connor E, Goodman-Gruen D (1998) Gender differences in insulin-like growth factor and bone mineral density association in old age: The rancho Bernardo study. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 13(8): 1343-1349. https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.1998.13.8.1343
  4. Bikle D, Majumdar S, Laib A, Powell-Braxton L, Rosen C, Beamer W, Nauman E, Leary C, Halloran B (2001) The skeletal structure of insulin-like growth factor I deficient mice. J Bone Miner Res 16(12): 2320-2329. https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.2001.16.12.2320
  5. Bischoff-Ferrari HA (2012) Vitamin D and fracture prevention. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 38(1): 107-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rdc.2012.03.010
  6. Booth SL, Broe KE, Peterson JW, Cheng DM, Dawson-Hughes B, Gundberg CM, Cupples LA, Wilson PWF, Kiel DP (2004) Associations between vitamin K biochemical measures and bone mineral density in men and women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89(10): 4904-4909. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2003-031673
  7. Broe KE, Chen TC, Weinberg J, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Holick M.F, Kiel D (2007) A higher dose of vitamin D reduces the risk of falls in nursing home residents: a randomized, multiple-dose study. J Am Geriatr Soc 55(2): 234-239. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01048.x
  8. Calvo MS, Eyre DR, Gundberg C (1996) Molecular basis and clinical application of biological markers of bone turnover. Endocr Rev 17(4): 333-368. https://doi.org/10.1210/er.17.4.333
  9. Cashman KD (2014) The vitamin D RDA for African Amercan adults: Higher than that for white persons? Am J Clin Nutr 99(3): 427-428. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.113.082271
  10. Chang WC, Kwon IS, Park BJ, Bae SH, Park SC (2003) The association of vitamin D and parathyroid hormone with bone mineral density in Korean postmenopausal women. Korean Geriatrics Soc 7(3): 194-205.
  11. Chung SH, Kim TH, Lee HH (2009) Relationship between vitamin D level and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women from Bucheon area. Korean Soc Osteoporosis 7(3): 198-202.
  12. Civitelli R, Armamento-Villareal R, Napoli N (2009) Bone turnover markers: Understanding their value in clinical trials and clinical practice. Osteoporosis Int 20(6): 851-853.
  13. Dawson-Hughes B, Heaney RP, Holick MF, Lips P, Meunier PJ, Vieth R (2005) Estimates of optimal vitamin D status. Osteoporosis Int 16(7): 713-716. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-005-1867-7
  14. Epstein S, Bryce G, Hinman JW, Miller ON, Riggs BL, Hui SL, Jhonston CC (1986) The influence of age on bone mineral regulating hormones. Bone 7(6): 421-425. https://doi.org/10.1016/8756-3282(86)90001-3
  15. Ferland G (1998) The vitamin K-dependent proteins: An update. Nutr Rev 56(8): 223-230. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.1998.tb01753.x
  16. Garnero P, Munoz F, Sornay-Rendu E, Delmas PD (2007) Associations of vitamin D status with bone mineral density, bone turnover, bone loss and fracture risk in healthy postmenopausal women. The OFELY study. Bone 40(3): 716-722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2006.09.026
  17. Giustina AG, Mazziotti G, Canalis E (2008) Growth hormone, insulin-like growth factors, and the skeleton. Endocrine Reviews 29(5): 535-559. https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2007-0036
  18. Gordon CM, DePeter KC, Feldman HA, Grace E, Emans SJ (2004) Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among healthy adolescents. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 158(6): 531-537. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.158.6.531
  19. Hamann KL, Lane NE (2006) Parathyroid hormone update. Rheumatic Diseases Clinics of North America 32(3): 703-719. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rdc.2006.07.005
  20. Heaney RP, Layman DK (2008) Amount and type of protein influences bone health. Am J Clin Nutr 87(5): 1567s-1570s. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/87.5.1567S
  21. Holroyd C, Cooper C, Dennison E (2008) Epidemiology of osteoporosis. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 22(5): 671-685. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2008.06.001
  22. Hong JY, Choue RW, Baek JY, Cho HJ, Song YB (1999) The study of correlation between serum vitamin K concentration and bone metabolism in postmenopausal women. Korean J Nutr 32(3): 287-295.
  23. Hsu YH, Venners SA, Terwedow HA, Feng Y, Niu T, Li Z, Laird, N, Brain JD, Cummings SR, Bouxsein ML, Rosen CJ, Xu X (2006) Relation of body composition, fat mass, and serum lipids to osteoporotic fractures and bone mineral density in Chinese men and women. Am J Clin Nutr 83(1): 146-154. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/83.1.146
  24. Ilich JZ, Kerstetter JE (2000) Nutrition in bone health revisited: A study beyond calcium. Am J Clin Nutr 19(6): 715-737.
  25. Johason JS, Riis BJ, Deimas PD, Plasma BGP (1998) An indicators of spontaneous bone loss and of effect of estrogen treatment in postmenopausal women. Eur J Clin Invest 18(2): 191-195. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2362.1988.tb02412.x
  26. Jung TS, Choi WJ, Baek JH, Kim SK, Hahm JR, Chung SI, Shin JK, Lee SA, Lee JH, Paik WY (2011) Comparison of bone mineral density in postmenopausal women aged over 50: Mountain and seaside villagers in Gyeongnam. Korean Soc Osteoporosis 9(1): 93-100.
  27. Kang RN, Ock SM, Choi HS, Joo SY, Song CH (2008) Serum minerals and bone mineral density in pre- and postmenopausal women. Korean Soc Osteoporosis 6(1): 14-22.
  28. Kanis JA, McCloskey EV, Johansson H, Oden A, Melton LJ, Khaltaev N (2008) A reference standard for the description of osteoporosis. Bone 42(3): 467-475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2007.11.001
  29. Khaw KT, Luben R, Wareham N (2014) Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, mortality, and incident CVD, respiratory disease, cancers, amd fractures: A 13-y prospective population study. Am J Clin Nutr 100(5): 1361-1370. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.114.086413
  30. Khosla S (2013) Pathogenesis of age-related bone loss in humans. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 68(10): 1226-1235. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/gls163
  31. Kim MS, Koo JO (2008) Comparative analysis of food habits and bone density risk factors between normal and risk women living in the Seoul area. Korean J Comm Nutr 13(1): 125-133.
  32. Kim WY (1994) Osteoporosis and dietary factors. Korean J Nutr 27(6): 636-645.
  33. Knapen MHJ, Hamulyak K, Vermeer C (1989) The effect of vitamin K supplementation on circulating osteocalcin and urinary calcium excretion. Ann Intern Med 111(12): 1001-1005. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-111-12-1001
  34. Koh YY, Rhee EJ, Kim SY, Jung CH, Park CY, Lee WY, Oh KW, Park SW, Kim SW (2006) The relationship between lumber spine bone mineral density and cardiovascular risk factors in Koran female adults. J Korean Endocr Soc 21(6): 497-505. https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2006.21.6.497
  35. Koo JO, Ahn HS, Yoo SY (2008) Study of bone mineral density, body composition and dietary habits of 20-30 years women. Korean J Comm Nutr 13(4): 489-498.
  36. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2013) The Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(KNHANES IV-2), 2012. Seoul.
  37. Koshihara Y, Hoshi K, Okawara R, Ishibashi H, Yamamoto S (2003) Vitamin K stimulates osteoblastogenesis and inhibits osteoclastogenesis in human bone marrow cell culture. J Endocrinol 176(3): 339-348. https://doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1760339
  38. Kroger H, Huopio J, Honkanen R, Tuppurainen M, Puntila E, Alhava E (1995) Prediction of fracture risk using axial bone mineral density in a perimenopausal population: A prospective study. J Bone Miner Res 10(2): 302-306. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.5650100218
  39. Lamichhane AP (2005) Osteoporosis-an update. J Nepal Med Assoc 44(158): 60-66.
  40. WHO Scientific Group on the Prevention and Management of Osteoporosis (2000: Geneva, Switzerland) (2003) Prevention and management of osteoporosis: Report of a WHO scientific group.
  41. Lee JS, Yu CH, Chung CE (2006) Relation between milk consumption and bone mineral density of female college students in Korea. Korean J Nutr 39(5): 451-459.
  42. Lee KM, Han SB, Kim JS, Baik KJ, Hong SB, Moon KH, Kang JS, Yoon SH (2005) Bone mineral density and bone turnover makers in patients with femur fracture who visited the emergency department. J Korean Soc Traumatol 18(2): 87-93.
  43. Lim JH, Bae HS, Lee SM, Ahn HS (2008) Dietary and non-dietary factors related to BMD in female college students. Korean J Comm Nutr 13(3): 418-425.
  44. Looker AC, Mussolino ME (2008) Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and hip fracture risk in order U.S. white adults. J Bone Miner Res 23(1): 143-50. https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.071003
  45. Lu LJW, Nayeem F, Anderson KE, Grady JJ, Nagamani M (2009) Lean body mass, not estrogen or progesterone, predicts peak bone mineral density in premenopausal women. J Nutr 139(2): 250-256. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.108.098954
  46. Makay HA, Petit MA, Khan KM, Schutz RW (2003) Life style determinants of bone mineral: A comparison between prepubertal Asian and Caucasian boys and girls. Calcif Tissue Int 66(5): 320-324.
  47. Maurer J, Harris MM, Stanford VA, Lohman TG, Cussler E, Going SB, Houtkooper LB (2005) Dietary iron positively influences bone mineral density in postmenopausal women on hormone replacement therapy. J Nutr 135(4): 863-869. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/135.4.863
  48. McGillivray G, Skull SA, Davie G, Kofoed SE, Frydenberg A, Rice J, Cooke R, Carapetis JR (2007) High prevalence of asymptomatic vitamin D and iron deficiency in East African immigrant children and adolescents living in temperate climate. Arch Dis Child. 92(12): 1088-1093. https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.2006.112813
  49. Medeiros DM, Plattner A, Jennings D, Stoecker B (2002) The morphology, strength and density are compromised in irondeficient rats and exacerbated by calcium restriction. J Nutr 132(10): 3135-3141. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/131.10.3135
  50. Murray TM, Rao LG, Divieti P, Bringhurst FR (2005) Parathyroid hormone secretion and action: Evidence for discrete receptors for the carboxyl-terminal region and related biological actions of carboxyl-terminal ligands. Endocrine Reviews 26(1): 78-113. https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2003-0024
  51. Oh SI, Lee HS, Lee MS, Kim CI, Kwon IS, Park SC (2002) Some factors affecting bone mineral status of postmenopausal women. Korean J Comm Nutr 7(1): 121-129.
  52. Oh SI, Lee HS, Lee MS, Kim CI, Kwon IS, Park SC (2003) Factors affecting bone mineral status of premenopausal women. Korean J Comm Nutr 8(6): 927-937.
  53. Orwoll ES, Deftos LJ (1990) Serum osteocalcin levels in normal men: A longitudinal evaluation reveals an age-associated increase. J Bone Miner Res 5(3): 259-262. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.5650050309
  54. Outila TA, Kärkkäinen MU, Lamberg-Allardt CJ (2001) Vitamin D status affects PTH concentrations during winter in female adolescents: Associations with forearm BMD. Am J Clin Nutr 74(2): 206-210. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/74.2.206
  55. Park JY, Choi MY, Lee SH, Choi YH, Park YK (2011) The association between bone mineral density, bone turnover markers, and nutrient intake in pre- and postmenopausal women. Korean J Nutr 44(1): 29-40. https://doi.org/10.4163/kjn.2011.44.1.29
  56. Pop LC, Sukumar D, Tomaino K, Schlussel Y, Schneider SH, Gordon L, Wang X, Shapses SA (2015) Moderate weight loss in obese and overweight men preserves bone quality. Am J Clin Nutr 101(3): 659-667. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.114.088534
  57. Rapuri PB, Gallagher JC, Haynatzki G (2004) Endogenous levels of serum estradiol and sex hormone binding globulin determine bone mineral density, bone remodeling, the rate of bone loss, and response to treatment with estrogen in elderly women. J Clin Endocrinol 89(10): 4954-4962. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2004-0434
  58. Shen CL, Chyu MC, Wang JS (2013) Tea and bone health: Steps forward in translational nutrition. Am J Clin Nutr 98(suppl): 1694s-1699s. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.113.058255
  59. Sneve MI, Emaus N, Joakimsen RM, Jorde R (2008) The association between serum parathyroid hormone and bone mineral density, and the impact of smoking: The Tromso Study. Eur J Endocrinol 158(3): 401-409. https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-07-0610
  60. Son SM, Lee YN (1998) Bone density of the middle aged women residing in urban area and the related factors. Korean J Comm Nutr 3(3): 380-388.
  61. The Korean Society of Bone Metabolism (2006) Osteoporosis. 3rd ed. Seoul, Han Mi Medical.
  62. Timothy RA (2008) Extracellular pH regulates bone cell function. J Nutr 138(2): 415s-418s. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/138.2.415S
  63. Tucker KL (2014) Vegetarian diets and bone status. Am J Clin Nutr 100(suppl): 329s-335s. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.113.071621
  64. Tuderman L, Myllyla R, Kivirikko KI (1977) Mechanism of the prolylhydroxylase reaction: Role of co-substrates. Eur J Biochem. 80(2): 341-348. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-1033.1977.tb11888.x
  65. Vermeer C (1990) Gamma-carboxyglutamate-containing proteins and vitamin K dependent carboxylase. Bioshem J 266(3): 625-636.
  66. Vermeer C, Gijsbers BL, Craciun AM, Groenen-van Dooren MM, Knapen MH (1996) Effects of vitamin K on bone mass and bone metabolism. J Nutr 126(4-suppl): 1187s-1191s. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/126.suppl_4.1187S
  67. WHO Scientific Group on the Prevention and Management of Osteoporosis (2000: Geneva, Switzerland) (2003) Prevention and management of osteoporosis: Report of a WHO scientific group.
  68. World Health Organization (1994) Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis. WHO Technical Report Series, Geneva, p 843.
  69. Yoon JW, Kye SS, Lee JH, Lee JM, Seo JM, Park JH, Cho YD (2015) Association between alkaline phosphatase with bone mineral density in 50s healthy Korean men. Korean J Fam Pract 5(3): 247-252.
  70. Yu CH, Lee JS, Lee IH, Kim SH, Lee SS, Jung IK (2002) Nutritional factors related to bone mineral density in the different age groups of Korean women. Korean J Nutr 35(7): 779-790.
  71. Zarrabeitia MT, Hernandez JL, Valero C, Zarrabeitia A, Amado JA, Gonzalez-Macias J, Riancho JA (2007) Adiposity, estradiol, and genetic variants of steroid- metabolizing enzymes as determinants of bone mineral density. Eur J Endocrinol 156(1): 117-122. https://doi.org/10.1530/eje.1.02318