Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine (대한물리의학회지)

The Korean Society of Physical Medicine (대한물리의학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Effects of Hippotherapy for Physical, Cognitive and Psychological Factors in Children with Intellectual Disabilities

  • Bae, Myung-Soo (Dept. of Therapeutic riding & Welfare, Sungduck University) ;
  • Yun, Chang-Kyo (Dept. of Physical Therapy, Daegu University Rehabilitation Medical Clinic) ;
  • Han, Yong-Gu (Dept. of Physical Therapy, Daegu University Rehabilitation Medical Clinic)
  • Received : 2017.07.26
  • Accepted : 2017.08.07
  • Published : 2017.08.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to determine, by conducting a 10 week hippotherapy, the effects on the physical, cognitive and psychological factors of children with intellectual disabilities. METHODS: As an intervention method, intervention was based on a program from the American Hippotherapy Association and was modified and enhanced. 16 children with intellectual disabilities was conducted horse riding intervention program and Intervention was conducted once a week for a total of 10 weeks with each session lasting 30 minutes. A doctor of rehabilitation medical treatment of D rehabilitation center, physical therapist and occupational therapist evaluated the upper limbs test, balance, gait function, Korea-mini mental state examination (MMSE) before and after hippotherapy intervention. Self-esteem scale and aggression scale was evaluated by Psychology Counseling of C psychological clinic before and after hippotherapy intervention. RESULTS: The results of this study reveal that first, there was a positive effect. Second, statistically significant differences were found in BBS, TUG, K-MMSE, 10m walking test, 6 min walking test, self-esteem scale and aggression scale (p<.05). However no statistically significant differences were found in upper limbs function and good balance analysis before and after intervention. CONCLUSION: The hippotherapy is effective way to improve the physical, cognitive and psychological factors of children with intellectual disability.

Keywords

References

  1. American Hippotherapy Association. Hippotherapy as a treatment strategy. USA. American Hippotherapy Association. 2010.
  2. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5th ed). USA. American Psychiatric Pub. 2013.
  3. Anesti MD, Anestis JC, Zawilinski LL, et al. Equine-related treatments for mental disorders lack empirical support: A systematic review of empirical investigations. J Clin Psychol. 2014;70(12):1115-32. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22113
  4. Baek IH, Kim, BJ. The effects of horse riding simulation training on stroke patients' balance ability and abdominal muscle thickness changes. J Phys Ther Sci. 2014;26(8):1293-6. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.26.1293
  5. Bogl TLD, Newton RA. Use of the Berg Balance Test to predict falls in elderly persons. Phys Ther. 1996; 76(6):576-85. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/76.6.576
  6. Buss AH, Perry M. The aggression questionnaire. Journal of personality and social psychology. 1992;63(3):452. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.63.3.452
  7. Champagne D, Dugas C. Improving gross motor function and postural control with hippotherapy in children with Down syndrome. Physiother Theory Pract. 2010; 26(8):564-71. https://doi.org/10.3109/09593981003623659
  8. Chen SY, Kim SK, Kim KH, et al. Effects of Horse Riding Simulator on Pain, Oswestry Disability Index and Balance in Adults with Nonspecific Chronic Low Back Pain. J Korean Soc Phys Med. 2016:11(4);79-84. https://doi.org/10.13066/kspm.2016.11.4.79
  9. Choi CH. Effects of social play programs on improvement of social skills of mentally retarded children. Master's Degree. Cheongju National University. 2002.
  10. Drew CJ, Hardman ML. Mental retardation: A lifespan approach to people with intellectual disabilities. USA. Prentice Hall. 2004.
  11. Fine AH. Handbook on animal-assisted therapy: Theoretical foundations and guidelines for practice. USA. Academic Press. 2010.
  12. Francis RJ, Rarick GL. Motor characteristics of the mentally retarded. Am J Ment Defic. 1962;63(5):792-811.
  13. Fulk GD, Echternach JL. Test-retest reliability and minimal detectable change of gait speed in individuals undergoing rehabilitation after stroke. J Neurol Phys Ther. 2008;32(1):8-13. https://doi.org/10.1097/NPT0b013e31816593c0
  14. Gabriels RL, Agnew JA, Holt KD, et al. Pilot study measuring the effects of therapeutic horseback riding on school-age children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. Res Autism Spectr Disord. 2012;6(2):578-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2011.09.007
  15. Heo SY, Hong HJ. A Study about the effect of reading enhancement and the self respect Improvement of children through an animal assisted therapy. Journal of the Korean Biblia Society for Library and Information Science. 2013;24(3):181-98. https://doi.org/10.14699/kbiblia.2013.24.3.181
  16. Hession CE, Eastwood B, Watterson D, et al. Therapeutic horse riding improves cognition, mood arousal, and ambulation in children with dyspraxia. J Altern Complement Med. 2014;20(1):19-23. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2013.0207
  17. Hong CY, Jung NJ, Na SS, et al. Horse Riding Simulator Affect the Posture Alignment of Young Adults with Forward Head Posture. J Korean Soc Phys Med. 2016;11(4):19-26. https://doi.org/10.13066/kspm.2016.11.4.19
  18. Im JH, Huh JH. An Investigation of the effects of rehabilitation horse riding on the gross motor function and muscle balance of mentally disabled children. KJSS. 2013;22(3):683-94.
  19. Jang YS, Jeong GU, Kim H D, et al. A Literature Review on Effect of Theratainment Animal-assisted Therapy: For the Horseback Riding. KOEN. 2016;10(1):259.
  20. Jeon BJ. Self-Esteem: A test of its measurability. Yonsei University. 1974;11:107-24.
  21. Kang HM. A study on the change process of social behavior and interaction in physical activity of youth with intellectual disabled. KAHPERD. 2016;55(4):45-58.
  22. Karol J. Applying a traditional individual psychotherapy model to equine-facilitated psychotherapy (EFP): Theory and method. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry, 2007;12(1):77-90. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359104507071057
  23. Kim DH, Kim SJ, Bae SS, et al. The effect of indoor horseback-riding machine on the balance of the elderly with dementia. J Korean Soc Phys Med. 2008;3(4): 235-46.
  24. Kim EJ. Effects of the physical activities of development impeded children on their social maturity. Docter's Degree. Donga University. 2007.
  25. Kim SY, Youn GH. The relationship between pet dog ownership and perception of loneliness: Mediation effects of physical health and social support. Journal of Institute for Social Sciences. 2014;25(1):215-33.
  26. Kwon JY, Chang HJ, Yi SH, et al. Effect of hippotherapy on gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled trial. J Altern Complement Med. 2015;21(1):15-21. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2014.0021
  27. Lee BJ. Effects of participation in an after-school physical activity program on the body composition of students with intellectual disability. KOSAPE. 2007;15(3): 167-81.
  28. Lee CW, Kim SG, Na SS. The effects of hippotherapy and a horse riding simulator on the balance of children with cerebral palsy. J Phys Ther Sci. 2014;26(3):423-5. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.26.423
  29. Lee CW, Kim SG, Yong MS. Effects of hippotherapy on recovery of gait and balance ability in patients with stroke. J Phys Ther Sci. 2014;26(2):309-11. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.26.309
  30. Lee HS, Kim EJ. The Effect of The preparation and review times on the some items of the gross motor function measure evaluation capacity of the College Students. J Korean Soc Phys Med. 2015;10(1):99-105. https://doi.org/10.13066/kspm.2015.10.1.99
  31. Lee SG, Jeong JH. The effects of indoor horseback-riding exercise on health-related fitness, serum lipids, and defecation satisfaction of female collegiate students. KSR. 2005;16(3): 153-60.
  32. Macauley BL. Neurophysiological foundations of hippotherapy within speech-language pathology. American Hippotherapy Association Preconference workshop. Arizona. Phoenix. 2003.
  33. Moraes AG, Copetti F, Angelo VR, et al. The effects of hippotherapy on postural balance and functional ability in children with cerebral palsy. J Phys Ther Sci. 2016;28(8):2220-6. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.28.2220
  34. Mossberg KA. Reliability of a timed walk test in persons with acquired brain injury. J Phys Med Rehabil. 2003;82(5):385-90.
  35. O'Haire ME. Animal-assisted intervention for autism spectrum disorder: A systematic literature review. J Autism Dev Disord. 2013;1-17.
  36. Podsiadlo D, Richardson S. The timed "Up & Go": a test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1991;39(2):142-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.1991.tb01616.x
  37. Ro HL. The Bobath Approach for Walking Improvement on Child with Mental Retardation. J Korean Soc Phys Med. 2008;3(2):113-9.
  38. Schalock RL, Luckasson RA, Shogren KA. The renaming of mental retardation: Understanding the change to the term intellectual disability. Intellect Dev Disabil. 2007;45(2):116-24. https://doi.org/10.1352/1934-9556(2007)45[116:TROMRU]2.0.CO;2
  39. Seo KO. The effects of animal assisted therapy program using therapy dog for the hyperactivity of children with ADHD. Master's Degree. Wonkwang University. 2012.
  40. Shurtleff TL, Standeven JW, Engsberg JR. Changes in dynamic trunk/head stability and functional reach after hippotherapy. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2009;90(7): 1185-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2009.01.026
  41. Song CH. The effects of horse riding therapy Program on depression and sociality of exceptional children. Master's Degree. Kwangwoon University. 2008.
  42. Wehmeyer M, Schwartz M. Self-determination and positive adult outcomes: A follow-up study of youth with mental retardation or learning disabilities. Except Child. 1997;63(2):245-55. https://doi.org/10.1177/001440299706300207
  43. Yoon ST, Park BH. The impact horse riding exercise program has on adults with intellectual disability in physical, psychology factors, social factors of disabled. KOSAPE. 2013;21(1):81-95.
  44. Yoon IJ, Park JE, Song MS, et al. Interrater reliability of Korea child version of the mini-mental statute examination (MMSE-KC). The journal of Korean Society of Cognitive Rehabilitation. 2016;5(2):5-16.